Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance
Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were on...
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W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences
2016
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 https://doaj.org/article/b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 2023-05-15T13:37:55+02:00 Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance Fernández Damián Andrés Santamarina Patricio Emmanuel Tellería María Cristina Palazzesi Luis Barreda Viviana Dora 2016-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 https://doaj.org/article/b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 EN eng W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/acpa.2016.56.issue-2/acpa-2016-0017/acpa-2016-0017.xml?format=INT https://doaj.org/toc/2082-0259 2082-0259 doi:10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 https://doaj.org/article/b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 Acta Palaeobotanica, Vol 56, Iss 2, Pp 223-245 (2016) Nothofagus South America pollen morphology exine structure character evolution Paleontology QE701-760 Botany QK1-989 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 2022-12-31T05:30:57Z Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Patagonia New Zealand Acta Palaeobotanica 56 2 223 245 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Nothofagus South America pollen morphology exine structure character evolution Paleontology QE701-760 Botany QK1-989 |
spellingShingle |
Nothofagus South America pollen morphology exine structure character evolution Paleontology QE701-760 Botany QK1-989 Fernández Damián Andrés Santamarina Patricio Emmanuel Tellería María Cristina Palazzesi Luis Barreda Viviana Dora Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
topic_facet |
Nothofagus South America pollen morphology exine structure character evolution Paleontology QE701-760 Botany QK1-989 |
description |
Nothofagaceae (southern beeches) are a relatively small flowering plant family of trees confined to the Southern Hemisphere. The fossil record of the family is abundant and it has been widely used as a test case for the classic hypothesis that Antarctica, Patagonia, Australia and New Zealand were once joined together. Although the phylogenetic relationships in Nothofagus appear to be well supported, the evolution of some pollen morphological traits remains elusive, largely because of the lack of ultrastructural analyses. Here we describe the pollen morphology of all extant South American species of Nothofagus, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy (LM), and reconstruct ancestral character states using a well-supported phylogenetic tree of the family. Our results indicate that the main differences between pollen of subgenera Fuscospora (pollen type fusca a) and Nothofagus (pollen type fusca b) are related to the size of microspines (distinguishable or not in optical section), and the thickening of colpi margins (thickened inwards, or thickened both inwards and outwards). In particular, Nothofagus alessandrii, the only extant South American species of subgenus Fuscospora, presents distinctive pollen features that have not been observed in any other species of the genus (i.e. a large granular infratectum and spongy apertural endexine). Species of subgenus Lophozonia are characterized by having the largest pollen grains, with polygonal outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, long and non-thickened colpi, and a thin endexine. The reconstruction of character states for the node corresponding to the common ancestor to genus Nothofagus leads us to conclude that the ancestral form of Nothofagaceae should have had: equatorial diameter < 40 μm, circular outline in polar view, microspines distinguishable in optical section, short colpi thickened inwards, and a thin endexine. These features are fully consistent with those ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Fernández Damián Andrés Santamarina Patricio Emmanuel Tellería María Cristina Palazzesi Luis Barreda Viviana Dora |
author_facet |
Fernández Damián Andrés Santamarina Patricio Emmanuel Tellería María Cristina Palazzesi Luis Barreda Viviana Dora |
author_sort |
Fernández Damián Andrés |
title |
Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
title_short |
Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
title_full |
Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
title_fullStr |
Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pollen morphology of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae, Fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
title_sort |
pollen morphology of nothofagus (nothofagaceae, fagales) and its phylogenetic significance |
publisher |
W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 https://doaj.org/article/b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 |
geographic |
Patagonia New Zealand |
geographic_facet |
Patagonia New Zealand |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
Acta Palaeobotanica, Vol 56, Iss 2, Pp 223-245 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/acpa.2016.56.issue-2/acpa-2016-0017/acpa-2016-0017.xml?format=INT https://doaj.org/toc/2082-0259 2082-0259 doi:10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 https://doaj.org/article/b8031cbe985f4235a383afabf9db8ee1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0017 |
container_title |
Acta Palaeobotanica |
container_volume |
56 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
223 |
op_container_end_page |
245 |
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1766099602724880384 |