Pathogen Exposure in White Whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ) in Svalbard, Norway

• Published in: Pathogens
• Main Authors: Ingebjørg H. Nymo, Ursula Siebert, Christine Baechlein, Alexander Postel, Eva M. Breines, Christian Lydersen, Kit M. Kovacs, Morten Tryland
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022
• Subjects: Arctic; beluga; Brucella; climate; influenza A virus; morbillivirus; Medicine; R; Norway; Svalbard; Van Mijenfjorden; Beluga; Beluga*; Climate change; Delphinapterus leucas; White whale
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010058; https://doaj.org/article/b71ad922145f4fe09cd16916083b7158

The Svalbard white whale ( Delphinapterus leucas ) population is one of the smallest in the world, making it particularly vulnerable to challenges such as climate change and pathogens. In this study, serum samples from live captured (2001–2016) white whales from this region were investigated for influenza A virus (IAV) antibodies (Abs) ( n = 27) and RNA ( n = 25); morbillivirus (MV) Abs ( n = 3) and RNA ( n = 25); Brucella spp. Abs; and Toxoplasma gondii Abs ( n = 27). IAV Abs were found in a single adult male that was captured in Van Mijenfjorden in 2001, although no IAV RNA was detected. Brucella spp. Abs were found in 59% of the sample group (16/27). All MV and T. gondii results were negative. The results show that Svalbard white whales have been exposed to IAV and Brucella spp., although evidence of disease is lacking. However, dramatic changes in climate and marine ecosystems are taking place in the Arctic, so surveillance of health parameters, including pathogens, is critical for tracking changes in the status of this vulnerable population.