Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seaw...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b70962f292bf48a1a9621262c7540205 2023-05-15T15:31:23+02:00 Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 https://doaj.org/article/b70962f292bf48a1a9621262c7540205 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1770 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v13091770 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/b70962f292bf48a1a9621262c7540205 Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1770, p 1770 (2021) ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture Microbiology QR1-502 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 2022-12-31T06:48:45Z Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seawater, during a bath challenge of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) post-smolts with high and low concentrations of ISAV. Transmission of ISAV in the bath challenge was confirmed by a high mortality, clinical signs associated with ISA disease, and detection of ISAV RNA in organ tissues and seawater samples. The electronegatively charged filter, combined with lysis buffer, gave significantly higher ISAV RNA detection by droplet digital PCR from seawater (5.6 × 10 4 ISAV RNA copies/L; p < 0.001). Viral shedding in seawater was first detected at two days post-challenge and peaked on day 11 post-challenge, one day before mortalities started in fish challenged with high dose ISAV, demonstrating that a large viral shedding event occurs before death. These data provide important information for ISAV shedding that is relevant for the development of improved surveillance tools based on water samples, transmission models, and management of ISA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Viruses 13 9 1770 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture Microbiology QR1-502 Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
topic_facet |
ISAV concentration membrane filter ISAV detection ISAV transmission anemia aquaculture Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) infection is currently detected by fish sampling for PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. As an alternative to sampling fish, we evaluated two different membrane filters in combination with four buffers for elution, concentration, and detection of ISAV in seawater, during a bath challenge of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) post-smolts with high and low concentrations of ISAV. Transmission of ISAV in the bath challenge was confirmed by a high mortality, clinical signs associated with ISA disease, and detection of ISAV RNA in organ tissues and seawater samples. The electronegatively charged filter, combined with lysis buffer, gave significantly higher ISAV RNA detection by droplet digital PCR from seawater (5.6 × 10 4 ISAV RNA copies/L; p < 0.001). Viral shedding in seawater was first detected at two days post-challenge and peaked on day 11 post-challenge, one day before mortalities started in fish challenged with high dose ISAV, demonstrating that a large viral shedding event occurs before death. These data provide important information for ISAV shedding that is relevant for the development of improved surveillance tools based on water samples, transmission models, and management of ISA. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug |
author_facet |
Simon Chioma Weli Lisa-Victoria Bernhardt Lars Qviller Ole Bendik Dale Atle Lillehaug |
author_sort |
Simon Chioma Weli |
title |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_short |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_full |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_fullStr |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Shedding from Infected Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar L.)—Application of a Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Virus Quantification in Seawater |
title_sort |
infectious salmon anemia virus shedding from infected atlantic salmon ( salmo salar l.)—application of a droplet digital pcr assay for virus quantification in seawater |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 https://doaj.org/article/b70962f292bf48a1a9621262c7540205 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Viruses, Vol 13, Iss 1770, p 1770 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/9/1770 https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 doi:10.3390/v13091770 1999-4915 https://doaj.org/article/b70962f292bf48a1a9621262c7540205 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091770 |
container_title |
Viruses |
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13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1770 |
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1766361891915956224 |