New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century
The water disponibility of Lake Titicaca is important for local ecosystems, domestic water, industry, fishing, agriculture, and tourism in Peru and Bolivia. However, the water level variability in Lake Titicaca (LTWL) still needs to be understood. The fluctuations of LTWL during the 1921–2018 period...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 https://doaj.org/article/b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 2024-02-11T10:06:49+01:00 New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century Juan Sulca James Apaéstegui José Tacza 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 https://doaj.org/article/b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224/full https://doaj.org/toc/2624-9553 2624-9553 doi:10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 https://doaj.org/article/b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 Frontiers in Climate, Vol 5 (2024) Lake Titicaca water level high-and low-frequency variability multiple linear regression models Pacific Decadal Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation South Atlantic Ocean Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 2024-01-14T01:37:41Z The water disponibility of Lake Titicaca is important for local ecosystems, domestic water, industry, fishing, agriculture, and tourism in Peru and Bolivia. However, the water level variability in Lake Titicaca (LTWL) still needs to be understood. The fluctuations of LTWL during the 1921–2018 period are investigated using continuous wavelet techniques on high- and low-pass filters of monthly time series, ERA-20C reanalysis, sea surface temperature (SST), and water level. We also built multiple linear regression (MLR) models based on SST indices to identify the main drivers of the LTWL variability. LTWL features annual (12 months), biennial (22–28 months), interannual (80–108 months), decadal (12.75–14.06 years), interdecadal (24.83–26.50 years), and multidecadal (30–65 years) signals. The high- and low-frequency components of the LTWL are triggered by the humidity transport from the lowland toward the Lake Titicaca basin, although different forcings could cause it. The biennial band is associated with SST anomalies over the southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean that strengthen the Bolivian High-Nordeste Low system. The interannual band is associated with the southern South Atlantic SST anomalies, which modulate the position of the Bolivian High. According to the MLR models, the decadal and interdecadal components of the LTWL can be explained by the linear combination of the decadal and interdecadal variability of the Pacific and Atlantic SST anomalies (r > 0.83, p < 0.05). In contrast, the multidecadal component of the LTWL is driven by the multidecadal component of the North Atlantic SST anomalies (AMO) and the southern South Atlantic SST anomalies. Moreover, the monthly time series of LTWL exhibits four breakpoints. The signs of the first four trends follow the change of phases of the multidecadal component of LTWL, while the fifth trend is zero attributable to the diminished amplitude of the interdecadal component of LTWL. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic South Atlantic Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Nordeste ENVELOPE(-66.867,-66.867,-68.167,-68.167) Pacific Frontiers in Climate 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Lake Titicaca water level high-and low-frequency variability multiple linear regression models Pacific Decadal Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation South Atlantic Ocean Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Lake Titicaca water level high-and low-frequency variability multiple linear regression models Pacific Decadal Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation South Atlantic Ocean Environmental sciences GE1-350 Juan Sulca James Apaéstegui José Tacza New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
topic_facet |
Lake Titicaca water level high-and low-frequency variability multiple linear regression models Pacific Decadal Oscillation Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation South Atlantic Ocean Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The water disponibility of Lake Titicaca is important for local ecosystems, domestic water, industry, fishing, agriculture, and tourism in Peru and Bolivia. However, the water level variability in Lake Titicaca (LTWL) still needs to be understood. The fluctuations of LTWL during the 1921–2018 period are investigated using continuous wavelet techniques on high- and low-pass filters of monthly time series, ERA-20C reanalysis, sea surface temperature (SST), and water level. We also built multiple linear regression (MLR) models based on SST indices to identify the main drivers of the LTWL variability. LTWL features annual (12 months), biennial (22–28 months), interannual (80–108 months), decadal (12.75–14.06 years), interdecadal (24.83–26.50 years), and multidecadal (30–65 years) signals. The high- and low-frequency components of the LTWL are triggered by the humidity transport from the lowland toward the Lake Titicaca basin, although different forcings could cause it. The biennial band is associated with SST anomalies over the southeastern tropical Atlantic Ocean that strengthen the Bolivian High-Nordeste Low system. The interannual band is associated with the southern South Atlantic SST anomalies, which modulate the position of the Bolivian High. According to the MLR models, the decadal and interdecadal components of the LTWL can be explained by the linear combination of the decadal and interdecadal variability of the Pacific and Atlantic SST anomalies (r > 0.83, p < 0.05). In contrast, the multidecadal component of the LTWL is driven by the multidecadal component of the North Atlantic SST anomalies (AMO) and the southern South Atlantic SST anomalies. Moreover, the monthly time series of LTWL exhibits four breakpoints. The signs of the first four trends follow the change of phases of the multidecadal component of LTWL, while the fifth trend is zero attributable to the diminished amplitude of the interdecadal component of LTWL. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Juan Sulca James Apaéstegui José Tacza |
author_facet |
Juan Sulca James Apaéstegui José Tacza |
author_sort |
Juan Sulca |
title |
New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
title_short |
New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
title_full |
New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
title_fullStr |
New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
title_full_unstemmed |
New insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in Lake Titicaca in the 20th century |
title_sort |
new insights into the biennial-to-multidecadal variability of the water level fluctuation in lake titicaca in the 20th century |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 https://doaj.org/article/b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-66.867,-66.867,-68.167,-68.167) |
geographic |
Nordeste Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Nordeste Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic South Atlantic Ocean |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic South Atlantic Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Climate, Vol 5 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224/full https://doaj.org/toc/2624-9553 2624-9553 doi:10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 https://doaj.org/article/b708c0d7ff064c35ba35650181778c44 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1325224 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Climate |
container_volume |
5 |
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1790604796566175744 |