Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea
In recent decades, extremely cold winters have occurred repeatedly throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including the Korean Peninsula (hereafter, Korea). Typically, cold winter temperatures in Korea can be linked to the strengthening of the Siberian High (SH). Although previous studies have investig...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b6e7f82f89ab432185a2b3f2fa4947b3 2023-05-15T14:55:52+02:00 Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea Jae-Seung Yoon Il-Ung Chung Ho-Jeong Shin Kunmnyeong Jang Maeng-Ki Kim Jeong-Soo Park Doo-Sun R. Park Kyung-On Boo Young-Hwa Byun Hyun Min Sung 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538 https://doaj.org/article/b6e7f82f89ab432185a2b3f2fa4947b3 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/5/538 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12050538 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/b6e7f82f89ab432185a2b3f2fa4947b3 Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 538, p 538 (2021) extreme cold arctic oscillation El Niño–Southern Oscillation Korean Peninsula Siberian High Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538 2022-12-31T15:22:35Z In recent decades, extremely cold winters have occurred repeatedly throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including the Korean Peninsula (hereafter, Korea). Typically, cold winter temperatures in Korea can be linked to the strengthening of the Siberian High (SH). Although previous studies have investigated the typical relationship between the SH and winter temperatures in Korea, this study uniquely focused on a change in the relationship, which reflects the influence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A significant change in the 15-year moving correlation between the SH and the surface air temperature average in Korea (K-tas) was observed in January. The correlation changed from −0.80 during 1971–1990 to −0.16 during 1991–2010. The mean sea-level pressure pattern regressed with the temperature, and a singular value decomposition analysis that incorporated the temperature and pressure supports that the negative high correlation during 1971–1990 was largely affected by AO. This connection with AO is substantiated by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis with an upper-level geopotential height at 300 hPa. In the second mode of the EOF, the temperature and pressure patterns were primarily affected by ENSO during 1991–2010. Consequently, the interdecadal change in correlation between K-tas and the SH in January can be attributed to the dominant effect of AO from 1971–1990 and of ENSO from 1991–2010. Our results suggest that the relative importance of these factors in terms of the January climate in Korea has changed on a multidecadal scale. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Atmosphere 12 5 538 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
extreme cold arctic oscillation El Niño–Southern Oscillation Korean Peninsula Siberian High Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
extreme cold arctic oscillation El Niño–Southern Oscillation Korean Peninsula Siberian High Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Jae-Seung Yoon Il-Ung Chung Ho-Jeong Shin Kunmnyeong Jang Maeng-Ki Kim Jeong-Soo Park Doo-Sun R. Park Kyung-On Boo Young-Hwa Byun Hyun Min Sung Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
topic_facet |
extreme cold arctic oscillation El Niño–Southern Oscillation Korean Peninsula Siberian High Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
In recent decades, extremely cold winters have occurred repeatedly throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including the Korean Peninsula (hereafter, Korea). Typically, cold winter temperatures in Korea can be linked to the strengthening of the Siberian High (SH). Although previous studies have investigated the typical relationship between the SH and winter temperatures in Korea, this study uniquely focused on a change in the relationship, which reflects the influence of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). A significant change in the 15-year moving correlation between the SH and the surface air temperature average in Korea (K-tas) was observed in January. The correlation changed from −0.80 during 1971–1990 to −0.16 during 1991–2010. The mean sea-level pressure pattern regressed with the temperature, and a singular value decomposition analysis that incorporated the temperature and pressure supports that the negative high correlation during 1971–1990 was largely affected by AO. This connection with AO is substantiated by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis with an upper-level geopotential height at 300 hPa. In the second mode of the EOF, the temperature and pressure patterns were primarily affected by ENSO during 1991–2010. Consequently, the interdecadal change in correlation between K-tas and the SH in January can be attributed to the dominant effect of AO from 1971–1990 and of ENSO from 1991–2010. Our results suggest that the relative importance of these factors in terms of the January climate in Korea has changed on a multidecadal scale. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jae-Seung Yoon Il-Ung Chung Ho-Jeong Shin Kunmnyeong Jang Maeng-Ki Kim Jeong-Soo Park Doo-Sun R. Park Kyung-On Boo Young-Hwa Byun Hyun Min Sung |
author_facet |
Jae-Seung Yoon Il-Ung Chung Ho-Jeong Shin Kunmnyeong Jang Maeng-Ki Kim Jeong-Soo Park Doo-Sun R. Park Kyung-On Boo Young-Hwa Byun Hyun Min Sung |
author_sort |
Jae-Seung Yoon |
title |
Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
title_short |
Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
title_full |
Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
title_fullStr |
Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Non-Stationary Effects of the Arctic Oscillation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation on January Temperatures in Korea |
title_sort |
non-stationary effects of the arctic oscillation and el niño–southern oscillation on january temperatures in korea |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538 https://doaj.org/article/b6e7f82f89ab432185a2b3f2fa4947b3 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Atmosphere, Vol 12, Iss 538, p 538 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/5/538 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 doi:10.3390/atmos12050538 2073-4433 https://doaj.org/article/b6e7f82f89ab432185a2b3f2fa4947b3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12050538 |
container_title |
Atmosphere |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
538 |
_version_ |
1766327874716958720 |