Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts
Bermuda is an Eocene age volcanic island in the western North Atlantic, entirely capped by Pleistocene eolian limestone. The oldest and most highly karstified limestone is a 2 km 2 outcrop of the Walsingham Formation containing most of the island’s 150+ caves. Extensive networks of submerged cave pa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b6b44f5ae29d4dc9b51c4dffac1ea5af 2023-05-15T17:33:24+02:00 Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts Thomas M. Iliffe Fernando Calderón-Gutiérrez 2021-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/d13080352 https://doaj.org/article/b6b44f5ae29d4dc9b51c4dffac1ea5af EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/8/352 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d13080352 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/b6b44f5ae29d4dc9b51c4dffac1ea5af Diversity, Vol 13, Iss 352, p 352 (2021) biodiversity fauna conservation seamount ecology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/d13080352 2022-12-30T23:37:48Z Bermuda is an Eocene age volcanic island in the western North Atlantic, entirely capped by Pleistocene eolian limestone. The oldest and most highly karstified limestone is a 2 km 2 outcrop of the Walsingham Formation containing most of the island’s 150+ caves. Extensive networks of submerged cave passageways, flooded by saltwater, extend under the island. In the early 1980s, cave divers initially discovered an exceptionally rich and diverse anchialine community inhabiting deeper sections of the caves. The fauna inhabiting caves in the Walsingham Tract consists of 78 described species of cave-dwelling invertebrates, including 63 stygobionts and 15 stygophiles. Thus, it represents one of the world’s top hotspots of subterranean biodiversity. Of the anchialine fauna, 65 of the 78 species are endemic to Bermuda, while 66 of the 78 are crustaceans. The majority of the cave species are limited in their distribution to just one or only a few adjacent caves. Due to Bermuda’s high population density, water pollution, construction, limestone quarries, and trash dumping produce severe pressures on cave fauna and groundwater health. Consequently, the IUCN Red List includes 25 of Bermuda’s stygobiont species as critically endangered. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Diversity 13 8 352 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
biodiversity fauna conservation seamount ecology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
biodiversity fauna conservation seamount ecology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Thomas M. Iliffe Fernando Calderón-Gutiérrez Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
topic_facet |
biodiversity fauna conservation seamount ecology Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Bermuda is an Eocene age volcanic island in the western North Atlantic, entirely capped by Pleistocene eolian limestone. The oldest and most highly karstified limestone is a 2 km 2 outcrop of the Walsingham Formation containing most of the island’s 150+ caves. Extensive networks of submerged cave passageways, flooded by saltwater, extend under the island. In the early 1980s, cave divers initially discovered an exceptionally rich and diverse anchialine community inhabiting deeper sections of the caves. The fauna inhabiting caves in the Walsingham Tract consists of 78 described species of cave-dwelling invertebrates, including 63 stygobionts and 15 stygophiles. Thus, it represents one of the world’s top hotspots of subterranean biodiversity. Of the anchialine fauna, 65 of the 78 species are endemic to Bermuda, while 66 of the 78 are crustaceans. The majority of the cave species are limited in their distribution to just one or only a few adjacent caves. Due to Bermuda’s high population density, water pollution, construction, limestone quarries, and trash dumping produce severe pressures on cave fauna and groundwater health. Consequently, the IUCN Red List includes 25 of Bermuda’s stygobiont species as critically endangered. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Thomas M. Iliffe Fernando Calderón-Gutiérrez |
author_facet |
Thomas M. Iliffe Fernando Calderón-Gutiérrez |
author_sort |
Thomas M. Iliffe |
title |
Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
title_short |
Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
title_full |
Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
title_fullStr |
Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bermuda’s Walsingham Caves: A Global Hotspot for Anchialine Stygobionts |
title_sort |
bermuda’s walsingham caves: a global hotspot for anchialine stygobionts |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d13080352 https://doaj.org/article/b6b44f5ae29d4dc9b51c4dffac1ea5af |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Diversity, Vol 13, Iss 352, p 352 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/13/8/352 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d13080352 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/b6b44f5ae29d4dc9b51c4dffac1ea5af |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d13080352 |
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Diversity |
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13 |
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8 |
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352 |
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