Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations
Abstract The Arctic has been warming rapidly, affecting ecological processes across the region. Caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a keystone Arctic species undergoing declines in many parts of its range, but definitive links between climate and populations remain elusive. The conspicuous a...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b678532182c4432881d83325acaf6882 2023-05-15T14:52:56+02:00 Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations Eliezer Gurarie Mark Hebblewhite Kyle Joly Allicia P. Kelly Jan Adamczewski Sarah C. Davidson Tracy Davison Anne Gunn Michael J. Suitor William F. Fagan Natalie Boelman 2019-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/article/b678532182c4432881d83325acaf6882 EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/article/b678532182c4432881d83325acaf6882 Ecosphere, Vol 10, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2019) Arctic climate herbivore lagged effects phenology Rangifer Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 2022-12-31T15:51:59Z Abstract The Arctic has been warming rapidly, affecting ecological processes across the region. Caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a keystone Arctic species undergoing declines in many parts of its range, but definitive links between climate and populations remain elusive. The conspicuous and dramatic mass migration of many caribou populations, during which nearly all pregnant females move from wintering ranges to calving grounds shortly before giving birth, may be an important link between climate and caribou populations. The drivers of migration, however, are similarly mysterious. It is unknown, for example, whether caribou respond to immediate phenological cues, anticipate conditions on calving grounds, or are driven by lagged effects related to physical condition. To investigate the drivers of migration, we analyzed movement data from over 1000 individual caribou from seven major herds, spanning 3000 km across Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories (NWT), and Nunavut in Canada, from 1995 to 2017. We developed a hierarchical model to estimate migration departure and arrival times, and analyzed these variables against global climate indices and local weather conditions, exploring immediate and lagged effects, as well as snowmelt timing and vegetation indices. We discovered a continent‐wide synchrony in spring migration departure times, driven mainly by large‐scale, ocean‐driven climate indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation). However, we also found that the speed of migration was highly plastic with later migration departure times followed by shorter migration durations. This plasticity made arrival timing independent of departure timing and its respective drivers. Rather, arrival timing depended strongly on weather conditions from the previous summer: cooler and windier summers generally led to earlier arrival at calving grounds the following year. We suggest that maternal body condition, mainly influenced by conditions that limit insect harassment, is ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Alaska Yukon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut Pacific Yukon Ecosphere 10 12 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic climate herbivore lagged effects phenology Rangifer Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic climate herbivore lagged effects phenology Rangifer Ecology QH540-549.5 Eliezer Gurarie Mark Hebblewhite Kyle Joly Allicia P. Kelly Jan Adamczewski Sarah C. Davidson Tracy Davison Anne Gunn Michael J. Suitor William F. Fagan Natalie Boelman Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
topic_facet |
Arctic climate herbivore lagged effects phenology Rangifer Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract The Arctic has been warming rapidly, affecting ecological processes across the region. Caribou and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a keystone Arctic species undergoing declines in many parts of its range, but definitive links between climate and populations remain elusive. The conspicuous and dramatic mass migration of many caribou populations, during which nearly all pregnant females move from wintering ranges to calving grounds shortly before giving birth, may be an important link between climate and caribou populations. The drivers of migration, however, are similarly mysterious. It is unknown, for example, whether caribou respond to immediate phenological cues, anticipate conditions on calving grounds, or are driven by lagged effects related to physical condition. To investigate the drivers of migration, we analyzed movement data from over 1000 individual caribou from seven major herds, spanning 3000 km across Alaska, Yukon, Northwest Territories (NWT), and Nunavut in Canada, from 1995 to 2017. We developed a hierarchical model to estimate migration departure and arrival times, and analyzed these variables against global climate indices and local weather conditions, exploring immediate and lagged effects, as well as snowmelt timing and vegetation indices. We discovered a continent‐wide synchrony in spring migration departure times, driven mainly by large‐scale, ocean‐driven climate indices (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation, and North Atlantic Oscillation). However, we also found that the speed of migration was highly plastic with later migration departure times followed by shorter migration durations. This plasticity made arrival timing independent of departure timing and its respective drivers. Rather, arrival timing depended strongly on weather conditions from the previous summer: cooler and windier summers generally led to earlier arrival at calving grounds the following year. We suggest that maternal body condition, mainly influenced by conditions that limit insect harassment, is ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eliezer Gurarie Mark Hebblewhite Kyle Joly Allicia P. Kelly Jan Adamczewski Sarah C. Davidson Tracy Davison Anne Gunn Michael J. Suitor William F. Fagan Natalie Boelman |
author_facet |
Eliezer Gurarie Mark Hebblewhite Kyle Joly Allicia P. Kelly Jan Adamczewski Sarah C. Davidson Tracy Davison Anne Gunn Michael J. Suitor William F. Fagan Natalie Boelman |
author_sort |
Eliezer Gurarie |
title |
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
title_short |
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
title_full |
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
title_fullStr |
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tactical departures and strategic arrivals: Divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
title_sort |
tactical departures and strategic arrivals: divergent effects of climate and weather on caribou spring migrations |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/article/b678532182c4432881d83325acaf6882 |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut Pacific Yukon |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Northwest Territories Nunavut Pacific Yukon |
genre |
Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Alaska Yukon |
genre_facet |
Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Northwest Territories Nunavut Rangifer tarandus Alaska Yukon |
op_source |
Ecosphere, Vol 10, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.2971 https://doaj.org/article/b678532182c4432881d83325acaf6882 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2971 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
12 |
_version_ |
1766324349789274112 |