Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study.
Background Undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries. While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified, others are frequently uncounted and their impact underappreciated....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b6161a3c415b4bf8a4d529269ed996f5 2024-02-11T10:01:41+01:00 Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. Hilary Bower Mubarak El Karsany Mazza Alzain Benedict Gannon Rehab Mohamed Iman Mahmoud Mawahib Eldegail Rihab Taha Abdalla Osman Salim Mohamednour Amanda Semper Barry Atkinson Daniel Carter Stuart Dowall Jenna Furneaux Victoria Graham Jack Mellors Jane Osborne Steven T Pullan Gillian S Slack Tim Brooks Roger Hewson Nicholas J Beeching Jimmy Whitworth Daniel G Bausch Tom E Fletcher 2019-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/article/b6161a3c415b4bf8a4d529269ed996f5 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/article/b6161a3c415b4bf8a4d529269ed996f5 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0007571 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 2024-01-21T01:35:50Z Background Undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries. While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified, others are frequently uncounted and their impact underappreciated. A number of high consequence infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, are endemic or epidemic in the Federal Republic of Sudan which has experienced at least 12 UFI outbreaks, frequently associated with haemorrhage and high case fatality rates (CFR), since 2012. One of these occurred in Darfur in 2015/2016 with 594 cases and 108 deaths (CFR 18.2%). The aetiology of these outbreaks remains unknown. Methodology/principal findings We report a retrospective cohort study of the 2015/2016 Darfur outbreak, using a subset of 65 of 263 outbreak samples received by the National Public Health Laboratory which met selection criteria of sufficient sample volume and epidemiological data. Clinical features included fever (95.8%), bleeding (95.7%), headache (51.6%) and arthralgia (42.2%). No epidemiological patterns indicative of person-to-person transmission or health-worker cases were reported. Samples were tested at the Public Health England Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory using a bespoke panel of likely pathogens including haemorrhagic fever viruses, arboviruses and Rickettsia, Leptospira and Borrelia spp. Seven (11%) were positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) by real-time reverse transcription PCR. The remaining samples tested negative on all assays. Conclusions/significance CCHFV is an important cause of fever and haemorrhage in Darfur, but not the sole major source of UFI outbreaks in Sudan. Prospective studies are needed to explore other aetiologies, including novel pathogens. The presence of CCHFV has critical infection, prevention and control as well as clinical implications for future response. Our study reinforces the need to boost surveillance, lab and investigative capacity to underpin ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 7 e0007571 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hilary Bower Mubarak El Karsany Mazza Alzain Benedict Gannon Rehab Mohamed Iman Mahmoud Mawahib Eldegail Rihab Taha Abdalla Osman Salim Mohamednour Amanda Semper Barry Atkinson Daniel Carter Stuart Dowall Jenna Furneaux Victoria Graham Jack Mellors Jane Osborne Steven T Pullan Gillian S Slack Tim Brooks Roger Hewson Nicholas J Beeching Jimmy Whitworth Daniel G Bausch Tom E Fletcher Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Undifferentiated febrile illness (UFI) is one of the most common reasons for people seeking healthcare in low-income countries. While illness and death due to specific infections such as malaria are often well-quantified, others are frequently uncounted and their impact underappreciated. A number of high consequence infectious diseases, including Ebola virus, are endemic or epidemic in the Federal Republic of Sudan which has experienced at least 12 UFI outbreaks, frequently associated with haemorrhage and high case fatality rates (CFR), since 2012. One of these occurred in Darfur in 2015/2016 with 594 cases and 108 deaths (CFR 18.2%). The aetiology of these outbreaks remains unknown. Methodology/principal findings We report a retrospective cohort study of the 2015/2016 Darfur outbreak, using a subset of 65 of 263 outbreak samples received by the National Public Health Laboratory which met selection criteria of sufficient sample volume and epidemiological data. Clinical features included fever (95.8%), bleeding (95.7%), headache (51.6%) and arthralgia (42.2%). No epidemiological patterns indicative of person-to-person transmission or health-worker cases were reported. Samples were tested at the Public Health England Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory using a bespoke panel of likely pathogens including haemorrhagic fever viruses, arboviruses and Rickettsia, Leptospira and Borrelia spp. Seven (11%) were positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) by real-time reverse transcription PCR. The remaining samples tested negative on all assays. Conclusions/significance CCHFV is an important cause of fever and haemorrhage in Darfur, but not the sole major source of UFI outbreaks in Sudan. Prospective studies are needed to explore other aetiologies, including novel pathogens. The presence of CCHFV has critical infection, prevention and control as well as clinical implications for future response. Our study reinforces the need to boost surveillance, lab and investigative capacity to underpin ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hilary Bower Mubarak El Karsany Mazza Alzain Benedict Gannon Rehab Mohamed Iman Mahmoud Mawahib Eldegail Rihab Taha Abdalla Osman Salim Mohamednour Amanda Semper Barry Atkinson Daniel Carter Stuart Dowall Jenna Furneaux Victoria Graham Jack Mellors Jane Osborne Steven T Pullan Gillian S Slack Tim Brooks Roger Hewson Nicholas J Beeching Jimmy Whitworth Daniel G Bausch Tom E Fletcher |
author_facet |
Hilary Bower Mubarak El Karsany Mazza Alzain Benedict Gannon Rehab Mohamed Iman Mahmoud Mawahib Eldegail Rihab Taha Abdalla Osman Salim Mohamednour Amanda Semper Barry Atkinson Daniel Carter Stuart Dowall Jenna Furneaux Victoria Graham Jack Mellors Jane Osborne Steven T Pullan Gillian S Slack Tim Brooks Roger Hewson Nicholas J Beeching Jimmy Whitworth Daniel G Bausch Tom E Fletcher |
author_sort |
Hilary Bower |
title |
Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
title_short |
Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
title_full |
Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
title_fullStr |
Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the Federal Republic of Sudan: A retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
title_sort |
detection of crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever cases in a severe undifferentiated febrile illness outbreak in the federal republic of sudan: a retrospective epidemiological and diagnostic cohort study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/article/b6161a3c415b4bf8a4d529269ed996f5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0007571 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 https://doaj.org/article/b6161a3c415b4bf8a4d529269ed996f5 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007571 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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e0007571 |
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