West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition
The extent, duration, and seasonality of sea ice and glacial discharge strongly influence Antarctic marine ecosystems. Most organisms' life cycles in this region are attuned to ice seasonality. The annual retreat and melting of sea ice in the austral spring stratifies the upper ocean, triggerin...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 https://doaj.org/article/b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 2023-05-15T13:35:03+02:00 West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition Hugh W. Ducklow William R. Fraser Michael P. Meredith Sharon E. Stammerjohn Scott C. Doney Douglas G. Martinson Sévrine F. Sailley Oscar M. Schofield Deborah K. Steinberg Hugh J. Venables Charles D. Amsler 2013-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 https://doaj.org/article/b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 EN eng The Oceanography Society http://tos.org/oceanography/archive/26-3_ducklow.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1042-8275 doi:10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 1042-8275 https://doaj.org/article/b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 Oceanography, Vol 26, Iss 3, Pp 190-203 (2013) LTER Palmer Station Palmer LTER PAL LTER West Antarctic Peninsula climate change Antarctica phytotplankton bloom Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2013 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 2022-12-31T00:16:21Z The extent, duration, and seasonality of sea ice and glacial discharge strongly influence Antarctic marine ecosystems. Most organisms' life cycles in this region are attuned to ice seasonality. The annual retreat and melting of sea ice in the austral spring stratifies the upper ocean, triggering large phytoplankton blooms. The magnitude of the blooms is proportional to the winter extent of ice cover, which can act as a barrier to wind mixing. Antarctic krill, one of the most abundant metazoan populations on Earth, consume phytoplankton blooms dominated by large diatoms. Krill, in turn, support a large biomass of predators, including penguins, seals, and whales. Human activity has altered even these remote ecosystems. The western Antarctic Peninsula region has warmed by 7°C over the past 50 years, and sea ice duration has declined by almost 100 days since 1978, causing a decrease in phytoplankton productivity in the northern peninsula region. Besides climate change, Antarctic marine systems have been greatly altered by harvesting of the great whales and now krill. It is unclear to what extent the ecosystems we observe today differ from the pristine state. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Palmer Station ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) Palmer-Station ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) Oceanography 26 3 190 203 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
LTER Palmer Station Palmer LTER PAL LTER West Antarctic Peninsula climate change Antarctica phytotplankton bloom Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
LTER Palmer Station Palmer LTER PAL LTER West Antarctic Peninsula climate change Antarctica phytotplankton bloom Oceanography GC1-1581 Hugh W. Ducklow William R. Fraser Michael P. Meredith Sharon E. Stammerjohn Scott C. Doney Douglas G. Martinson Sévrine F. Sailley Oscar M. Schofield Deborah K. Steinberg Hugh J. Venables Charles D. Amsler West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
topic_facet |
LTER Palmer Station Palmer LTER PAL LTER West Antarctic Peninsula climate change Antarctica phytotplankton bloom Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
The extent, duration, and seasonality of sea ice and glacial discharge strongly influence Antarctic marine ecosystems. Most organisms' life cycles in this region are attuned to ice seasonality. The annual retreat and melting of sea ice in the austral spring stratifies the upper ocean, triggering large phytoplankton blooms. The magnitude of the blooms is proportional to the winter extent of ice cover, which can act as a barrier to wind mixing. Antarctic krill, one of the most abundant metazoan populations on Earth, consume phytoplankton blooms dominated by large diatoms. Krill, in turn, support a large biomass of predators, including penguins, seals, and whales. Human activity has altered even these remote ecosystems. The western Antarctic Peninsula region has warmed by 7°C over the past 50 years, and sea ice duration has declined by almost 100 days since 1978, causing a decrease in phytoplankton productivity in the northern peninsula region. Besides climate change, Antarctic marine systems have been greatly altered by harvesting of the great whales and now krill. It is unclear to what extent the ecosystems we observe today differ from the pristine state. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hugh W. Ducklow William R. Fraser Michael P. Meredith Sharon E. Stammerjohn Scott C. Doney Douglas G. Martinson Sévrine F. Sailley Oscar M. Schofield Deborah K. Steinberg Hugh J. Venables Charles D. Amsler |
author_facet |
Hugh W. Ducklow William R. Fraser Michael P. Meredith Sharon E. Stammerjohn Scott C. Doney Douglas G. Martinson Sévrine F. Sailley Oscar M. Schofield Deborah K. Steinberg Hugh J. Venables Charles D. Amsler |
author_sort |
Hugh W. Ducklow |
title |
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
title_short |
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
title_full |
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
title_fullStr |
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
title_full_unstemmed |
West Antarctic Peninsula: An Ice-Dependent Coastal Marine Ecosystem in Transition |
title_sort |
west antarctic peninsula: an ice-dependent coastal marine ecosystem in transition |
publisher |
The Oceanography Society |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 https://doaj.org/article/b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) ENVELOPE(-64.050,-64.050,-64.770,-64.770) |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Palmer Station Palmer-Station |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Palmer Station Palmer-Station |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica Sea ice |
op_source |
Oceanography, Vol 26, Iss 3, Pp 190-203 (2013) |
op_relation |
http://tos.org/oceanography/archive/26-3_ducklow.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1042-8275 doi:10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 1042-8275 https://doaj.org/article/b5d7c8129be8466aa02f5f57be7b2831 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2013.62 |
container_title |
Oceanography |
container_volume |
26 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
190 |
op_container_end_page |
203 |
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1766060422101729280 |