Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus )
Pheromones play a vital role in regulating fish behavior, including reproduction, aggregation, hazard recognition and food location. To gain a better understanding of chemical communication in fish produced by density changes, this study analyzed the metabolites released by turbot ( Scophthalmus max...
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MDPI AG
2023
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b5b7eae15a494a62ae82bd98016790b5 2023-11-12T04:25:49+01:00 Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) Jiyuan Li Yanfeng Wang Teng Guo Shihong Xu Guang Gao Feng Liu Xiaoyang Guo Yanduo Wu Haixia Zhao Jun Li 2023-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100506 https://doaj.org/article/b5b7eae15a494a62ae82bd98016790b5 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/10/506 https://doaj.org/toc/2410-3888 doi:10.3390/fishes8100506 2410-3888 https://doaj.org/article/b5b7eae15a494a62ae82bd98016790b5 Fishes, Vol 8, Iss 506, p 506 (2023) pheromone phenethylamine metabolomics Scophthalmus maximus stocking density Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Genetics QH426-470 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100506 2023-10-29T00:36:34Z Pheromones play a vital role in regulating fish behavior, including reproduction, aggregation, hazard recognition and food location. To gain a better understanding of chemical communication in fish produced by density changes, this study analyzed the metabolites released by turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) under different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted at low (LD: 3.01 kg/m 2 ), medium (MD: 6.62 kg/m 2 ) and high (HD: 10.84 kg/m 2 ) densities for 15 days. High-throughput non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify variations in metabolites released into the aquatic environment by turbot at different densities. Results showed that 29 and 47 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the MD and HD groups, respectively, compared with the LD group. Among them, hexadecanedioic acid, xanthine, phenethylamine, proline and styrene were significantly upregulated in the MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. The VIP diagram of OPLS-DA alignment showed that phenethylamine was the most important metabolite shared by MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. Key gene changes in the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway, HPI axis of turbot were studied using qRT-PCR for density treatment. The results demonstrated that the expression of GH, GHR and IGF-1 was significantly lower, while the expression of CRH and ACTH was higher in the HD group. Additionally, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, triglycerides and T 3 were also highest in the HD group compared with the LD and MD groups. Phenylethylamine concentration was positively correlated with the HPI axis and negatively correlated with the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway. To investigate the impact of phenethylamine accumulation on turbot, an acute treatment experiment with phenethylamine was set up. Its concentration in the aquatic environment was set at 0 (CON), 10 −7 (LP) and 10 −5 (HP) mol/L via exogenous addition, and turbot were exposed to these environments for 2 days. There was a high degree of concordance between the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway (GH, GHR, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Scophthalmus maximus Turbot Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Fishes 8 10 506 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
pheromone phenethylamine metabolomics Scophthalmus maximus stocking density Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Genetics QH426-470 |
spellingShingle |
pheromone phenethylamine metabolomics Scophthalmus maximus stocking density Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Genetics QH426-470 Jiyuan Li Yanfeng Wang Teng Guo Shihong Xu Guang Gao Feng Liu Xiaoyang Guo Yanduo Wu Haixia Zhao Jun Li Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
topic_facet |
pheromone phenethylamine metabolomics Scophthalmus maximus stocking density Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
Pheromones play a vital role in regulating fish behavior, including reproduction, aggregation, hazard recognition and food location. To gain a better understanding of chemical communication in fish produced by density changes, this study analyzed the metabolites released by turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) under different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted at low (LD: 3.01 kg/m 2 ), medium (MD: 6.62 kg/m 2 ) and high (HD: 10.84 kg/m 2 ) densities for 15 days. High-throughput non-targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was used to identify variations in metabolites released into the aquatic environment by turbot at different densities. Results showed that 29 and 47 metabolites were significantly upregulated in the MD and HD groups, respectively, compared with the LD group. Among them, hexadecanedioic acid, xanthine, phenethylamine, proline and styrene were significantly upregulated in the MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. The VIP diagram of OPLS-DA alignment showed that phenethylamine was the most important metabolite shared by MD vs. LD, HD vs. MD and HD vs. LD. Key gene changes in the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway, HPI axis of turbot were studied using qRT-PCR for density treatment. The results demonstrated that the expression of GH, GHR and IGF-1 was significantly lower, while the expression of CRH and ACTH was higher in the HD group. Additionally, plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, triglycerides and T 3 were also highest in the HD group compared with the LD and MD groups. Phenylethylamine concentration was positively correlated with the HPI axis and negatively correlated with the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway. To investigate the impact of phenethylamine accumulation on turbot, an acute treatment experiment with phenethylamine was set up. Its concentration in the aquatic environment was set at 0 (CON), 10 −7 (LP) and 10 −5 (HP) mol/L via exogenous addition, and turbot were exposed to these environments for 2 days. There was a high degree of concordance between the GH/IGF-1 signaling pathway (GH, GHR, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jiyuan Li Yanfeng Wang Teng Guo Shihong Xu Guang Gao Feng Liu Xiaoyang Guo Yanduo Wu Haixia Zhao Jun Li |
author_facet |
Jiyuan Li Yanfeng Wang Teng Guo Shihong Xu Guang Gao Feng Liu Xiaoyang Guo Yanduo Wu Haixia Zhao Jun Li |
author_sort |
Jiyuan Li |
title |
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
title_short |
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
title_full |
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
title_fullStr |
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phenethylamine Is a Potential Density Stress Pheromone in Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) |
title_sort |
phenethylamine is a potential density stress pheromone in turbot ( scophthalmus maximus ) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100506 https://doaj.org/article/b5b7eae15a494a62ae82bd98016790b5 |
genre |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
genre_facet |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
op_source |
Fishes, Vol 8, Iss 506, p 506 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/8/10/506 https://doaj.org/toc/2410-3888 doi:10.3390/fishes8100506 2410-3888 https://doaj.org/article/b5b7eae15a494a62ae82bd98016790b5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8100506 |
container_title |
Fishes |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
10 |
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506 |
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1782339988508114944 |