Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya
Abstract Background Simple and accurate diagnosis is a key component of malaria control programmes. Microscopy is the current gold standard, however it requires extensive training and the results largely rely on the skill of the microscopists. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be performed wi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b572638a5be949a39b780911fc522598 2023-05-15T15:16:44+02:00 Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya Wataru Kagaya Ikki Takehara Kyoko Kurihara Michael Maina Chim W. Chan Gordon Okomo James Kongere Jesse Gitaka Akira Kaneko 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 https://doaj.org/article/b572638a5be949a39b780911fc522598 EN eng BMC https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/b572638a5be949a39b780911fc522598 Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 2022-12-30T22:06:26Z Abstract Background Simple and accurate diagnosis is a key component of malaria control programmes. Microscopy is the current gold standard, however it requires extensive training and the results largely rely on the skill of the microscopists. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be performed with minimal training and offer timely diagnosis, but results are not quantitative. Moreover, some Plasmodium falciparum parasites have evolved and can no longer be detected by existing RDT. Developed by the Sysmex Corporation, the XN-31 prototype (XN-31p) is an automated haematology analyser capable of detecting Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes and providing species differentiation and stage specific parasite counts in venous blood samples without any preparation in approximately one minute. However, factors such as stable electricity supply in a temperature-controlled room, cost of the instrument and its initial set-up, and need for proprietary reagents limit the utility of the XN-31p across rural settings. To overcome some of these limitations, a hub and spoke diagnosis model was designed, in which peripheral health facilities were linked to a central hospital where detection of Plasmodium infections by the XN-31p would take place. To explore the feasibility of this concept, the applicability of capillary blood samples with the XN-31p was evaluated with respect to the effect of sample storage time and temperature on the stability of results. Methods Paired capillary and venous blood samples were collected from 169 malaria-suspected outpatients in Homa Bay County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Malaria infections were diagnosed with the XN-31p, microscopy, RDT, and PCR. Capillary blood samples were remeasured on the XN-31p after 24 h of storage at either room (15–25 °C) or chilled temperatures (2–8 °C). Results Identical results in malaria diagnosis were observed between venous and capillary blood samples processed immediately after collection with the XN-31p. Relative to PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of the XN-31p ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 21 1 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Wataru Kagaya Ikki Takehara Kyoko Kurihara Michael Maina Chim W. Chan Gordon Okomo James Kongere Jesse Gitaka Akira Kaneko Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Simple and accurate diagnosis is a key component of malaria control programmes. Microscopy is the current gold standard, however it requires extensive training and the results largely rely on the skill of the microscopists. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be performed with minimal training and offer timely diagnosis, but results are not quantitative. Moreover, some Plasmodium falciparum parasites have evolved and can no longer be detected by existing RDT. Developed by the Sysmex Corporation, the XN-31 prototype (XN-31p) is an automated haematology analyser capable of detecting Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes and providing species differentiation and stage specific parasite counts in venous blood samples without any preparation in approximately one minute. However, factors such as stable electricity supply in a temperature-controlled room, cost of the instrument and its initial set-up, and need for proprietary reagents limit the utility of the XN-31p across rural settings. To overcome some of these limitations, a hub and spoke diagnosis model was designed, in which peripheral health facilities were linked to a central hospital where detection of Plasmodium infections by the XN-31p would take place. To explore the feasibility of this concept, the applicability of capillary blood samples with the XN-31p was evaluated with respect to the effect of sample storage time and temperature on the stability of results. Methods Paired capillary and venous blood samples were collected from 169 malaria-suspected outpatients in Homa Bay County Referral Hospital, Kenya. Malaria infections were diagnosed with the XN-31p, microscopy, RDT, and PCR. Capillary blood samples were remeasured on the XN-31p after 24 h of storage at either room (15–25 °C) or chilled temperatures (2–8 °C). Results Identical results in malaria diagnosis were observed between venous and capillary blood samples processed immediately after collection with the XN-31p. Relative to PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of the XN-31p ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wataru Kagaya Ikki Takehara Kyoko Kurihara Michael Maina Chim W. Chan Gordon Okomo James Kongere Jesse Gitaka Akira Kaneko |
author_facet |
Wataru Kagaya Ikki Takehara Kyoko Kurihara Michael Maina Chim W. Chan Gordon Okomo James Kongere Jesse Gitaka Akira Kaneko |
author_sort |
Wataru Kagaya |
title |
Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
title_short |
Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
title_full |
Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
title_fullStr |
Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
title_full_unstemmed |
Potential application of the haematology analyser XN-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in Kenya |
title_sort |
potential application of the haematology analyser xn-31 prototype for field malaria surveillance in kenya |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 https://doaj.org/article/b572638a5be949a39b780911fc522598 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/b572638a5be949a39b780911fc522598 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-022-04259-7 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
21 |
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1 |
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1766347034936213504 |