Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus.
The diversity of viruses probably exceeds biodiversity of eukaryotes, but little is known about the origin and emergence of novel virus species. Experimentation and disease outbreak investigations have allowed the characterization of rapid molecular virus adaptation. However, the processes leading t...
Published in: | PLOS Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/article/b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 2023-05-15T15:56:37+02:00 Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. Moritz Saxenhofer Sabrina Schmidt Rainer G Ulrich Gerald Heckel 2019-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/article/b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173 https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885 1544-9173 1545-7885 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/article/b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 PLoS Biology, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e3000142 (2019) Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 2022-12-31T07:08:42Z The diversity of viruses probably exceeds biodiversity of eukaryotes, but little is known about the origin and emergence of novel virus species. Experimentation and disease outbreak investigations have allowed the characterization of rapid molecular virus adaptation. However, the processes leading to the establishment of functionally distinct virus taxa in nature remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that incipient speciation in a natural host species has generated distinct ecological niches leading to adaptive isolation in an RNA virus. We found a very strong association between the distributions of two major phylogenetic clades in Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) and the rodent host lineages in a natural hybrid zone of the European common vole (Microtus arvalis). The spatial transition between the virus clades in replicated geographic clines is at least eight times narrower than between the hybridizing host lineages. This suggests a strong barrier for effective virus transmission despite frequent dispersal and gene flow among local host populations, and translates to a complete turnover of the adaptive background of TULV within a few hundred meters in the open, unobstructed landscape. Genetic differences between TULV clades are homogenously distributed in the genomes and mostly synonymous (93.1%), except for a cluster of nonsynonymous changes in the 5' region of the viral envelope glycoprotein gene, potentially involved in host-driven isolation. Evolutionary relationships between TULV clades indicate an emergence of these viruses through rapid differential adaptation to the previously diverged host lineages that resulted in levels of ecological isolation exceeding the progress of speciation in their vertebrate hosts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Common vole Microtus arvalis Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Tula ENVELOPE(-65.650,-65.650,-65.517,-65.517) PLOS Biology 17 2 e3000142 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Moritz Saxenhofer Sabrina Schmidt Rainer G Ulrich Gerald Heckel Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
topic_facet |
Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
The diversity of viruses probably exceeds biodiversity of eukaryotes, but little is known about the origin and emergence of novel virus species. Experimentation and disease outbreak investigations have allowed the characterization of rapid molecular virus adaptation. However, the processes leading to the establishment of functionally distinct virus taxa in nature remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that incipient speciation in a natural host species has generated distinct ecological niches leading to adaptive isolation in an RNA virus. We found a very strong association between the distributions of two major phylogenetic clades in Tula orthohantavirus (TULV) and the rodent host lineages in a natural hybrid zone of the European common vole (Microtus arvalis). The spatial transition between the virus clades in replicated geographic clines is at least eight times narrower than between the hybridizing host lineages. This suggests a strong barrier for effective virus transmission despite frequent dispersal and gene flow among local host populations, and translates to a complete turnover of the adaptive background of TULV within a few hundred meters in the open, unobstructed landscape. Genetic differences between TULV clades are homogenously distributed in the genomes and mostly synonymous (93.1%), except for a cluster of nonsynonymous changes in the 5' region of the viral envelope glycoprotein gene, potentially involved in host-driven isolation. Evolutionary relationships between TULV clades indicate an emergence of these viruses through rapid differential adaptation to the previously diverged host lineages that resulted in levels of ecological isolation exceeding the progress of speciation in their vertebrate hosts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Moritz Saxenhofer Sabrina Schmidt Rainer G Ulrich Gerald Heckel |
author_facet |
Moritz Saxenhofer Sabrina Schmidt Rainer G Ulrich Gerald Heckel |
author_sort |
Moritz Saxenhofer |
title |
Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
title_short |
Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
title_full |
Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
title_fullStr |
Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a European hantavirus. |
title_sort |
secondary contact between diverged host lineages entails ecological speciation in a european hantavirus. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/article/b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-65.650,-65.650,-65.517,-65.517) |
geographic |
Tula |
geographic_facet |
Tula |
genre |
Common vole Microtus arvalis |
genre_facet |
Common vole Microtus arvalis |
op_source |
PLoS Biology, Vol 17, Iss 2, p e3000142 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173 https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885 1544-9173 1545-7885 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 https://doaj.org/article/b4ee458b67994eda95f04f7925742ef2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000142 |
container_title |
PLOS Biology |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e3000142 |
_version_ |
1766392014742487040 |