Spatio-temporal variability of surface turbulent heat flux feedback for mesoscale sea surface temperature anomaly in the global ocean

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Man Yuan, Furong Li, Xiaohui Ma, Peiran Yang
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
• Subjects: surface turbulent heat flux feedback; mesoscale; spatio-temporal variability; geographically and temporally weighted regression; marine atmospheric boundary layer adjustment; Science; Q; General. Including nature conservation; geographical distribution; QH1-199.5; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.957796; https://doaj.org/article/b3bc1385304646988e5a29d1cc3ae04f

The surface turbulent heat flux feedback αT plays an important role in the atmosphere–ocean coupling. However, spatio-temporal variability of αT for sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) at oceanic mesoscales in the global ocean remains poorly assessed. In this study, we tackle this issue using an advanced statistical model, i.e., the geographically and temporally weighted regression model. The estimated time-mean αT for mesoscale SSTA generally ranges from 10 to 50 W/(m2 K) within 70°S–70°N, except in the Antarctic coastal region where its value drops to zero. The αT is larger in the tropics than in off-tropical regions and locally enhanced in the equatorial cold tongues, western boundary currents, and their extensions. The spatial structure αT is primarily attributed to the non-linearity in the Clausius–Clapeyron relation and inhomogeneity in the background wind speed, whereas adjustment of surface wind speed, air temperature, or moisture to mesoscale SSTA plays an important role in the regional variability. There is an evident seasonal cycle of αT in the tropics and under the northern hemisphere’s storm tracks. The former is due to the seasonally varying response of surface wind speed to mesoscale SSTA, and the latter results from the seasonality of atmospheric and oceanic background states. Our analysis reveals prominent spatio-temporal variability of αT for mesoscale SSTA governed by complicated dynamics.