Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar
Techniques for marine monitoring have been greatly evolved over the past decades, making the acquisition of environmental data safer, more reliable and more efficient. On the other hand, the marine renewable energy sector has introduced dissimilar ways of exploring the oceans. Marine energy is mostl...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b31b53f8652147d89c885f45faf23cb3 2023-05-15T17:54:02+02:00 Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar Francisco Francisco Jan Sundberg 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020022 https://doaj.org/article/b31b53f8652147d89c885f45faf23cb3 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/2/22 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse7020022 https://doaj.org/article/b31b53f8652147d89c885f45faf23cb3 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 22 (2019) multibeam imaging sonar visual signature marine mammal seal fish marine renewable energy Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020022 2022-12-31T07:03:32Z Techniques for marine monitoring have been greatly evolved over the past decades, making the acquisition of environmental data safer, more reliable and more efficient. On the other hand, the marine renewable energy sector has introduced dissimilar ways of exploring the oceans. Marine energy is mostly harvested in murky and high energetic places where conventional data acquisition techniques are impractical. This new frontier on marine operations brings the need for finding new techniques for environmental data acquisition, processing and analysis. Modern sonar systems, operating at high frequencies, can acquire detailed images of the underwater environment. Variables such as occurrence, size, class and behavior of a variety of aquatic species of fish, birds, and mammals that coexist within marine energy sites can be monitored using imaging sonar systems. Although sonar images can provide high levels of detail, in most of the cases they are still difficult to decipher. In order to facilitate the classification of targets using sonar images, this study introduces a framework of extracting visual features of marine animals that would serve as unique signatures. The acoustic visibility measure (AVM) is here introduced as technique of identification and classification of targets by comparing the observed size with a standard value. This information can be used to instruct algorithms and protocols in order to automate the identification and classification of underwater targets using imaging sonar systems. Using image processing algorithms embedded in Proviwer4 and FIJI software, this study found that acoustic images can be effectively used to classify cod, harbour and grey seals, and orcas through their size, shape and swimming behavior. The sonar images showed that cod occurred as bright, 0.9 m long, ellipsoidal targets shoaling in groups. Harbour seals occurred as bright torpedo-like fast moving targets, whereas grey seals occurred as bulky-ellipsoidal targets with serpentine movements. Orca or larger marine mammals ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Orca Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7 2 22 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
multibeam imaging sonar visual signature marine mammal seal fish marine renewable energy Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
multibeam imaging sonar visual signature marine mammal seal fish marine renewable energy Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Francisco Francisco Jan Sundberg Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
topic_facet |
multibeam imaging sonar visual signature marine mammal seal fish marine renewable energy Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Techniques for marine monitoring have been greatly evolved over the past decades, making the acquisition of environmental data safer, more reliable and more efficient. On the other hand, the marine renewable energy sector has introduced dissimilar ways of exploring the oceans. Marine energy is mostly harvested in murky and high energetic places where conventional data acquisition techniques are impractical. This new frontier on marine operations brings the need for finding new techniques for environmental data acquisition, processing and analysis. Modern sonar systems, operating at high frequencies, can acquire detailed images of the underwater environment. Variables such as occurrence, size, class and behavior of a variety of aquatic species of fish, birds, and mammals that coexist within marine energy sites can be monitored using imaging sonar systems. Although sonar images can provide high levels of detail, in most of the cases they are still difficult to decipher. In order to facilitate the classification of targets using sonar images, this study introduces a framework of extracting visual features of marine animals that would serve as unique signatures. The acoustic visibility measure (AVM) is here introduced as technique of identification and classification of targets by comparing the observed size with a standard value. This information can be used to instruct algorithms and protocols in order to automate the identification and classification of underwater targets using imaging sonar systems. Using image processing algorithms embedded in Proviwer4 and FIJI software, this study found that acoustic images can be effectively used to classify cod, harbour and grey seals, and orcas through their size, shape and swimming behavior. The sonar images showed that cod occurred as bright, 0.9 m long, ellipsoidal targets shoaling in groups. Harbour seals occurred as bright torpedo-like fast moving targets, whereas grey seals occurred as bulky-ellipsoidal targets with serpentine movements. Orca or larger marine mammals ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Francisco Francisco Jan Sundberg |
author_facet |
Francisco Francisco Jan Sundberg |
author_sort |
Francisco Francisco |
title |
Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
title_short |
Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
title_full |
Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
title_fullStr |
Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detection of Visual Signatures of Marine Mammals and Fish within Marine Renewable Energy Farms using Multibeam Imaging Sonar |
title_sort |
detection of visual signatures of marine mammals and fish within marine renewable energy farms using multibeam imaging sonar |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020022 https://doaj.org/article/b31b53f8652147d89c885f45faf23cb3 |
genre |
Orca |
genre_facet |
Orca |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 7, Iss 2, p 22 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/7/2/22 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse7020022 https://doaj.org/article/b31b53f8652147d89c885f45faf23cb3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020022 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
22 |
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1766161754671284224 |