Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway
As an important source of lithium and rare earth elements (REE) and other critical elements, pegmatites are of great strategic economic interest for present and future technological development. Identifying new pegmatite deposits is a strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) to decrease its impor...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153532 https://doaj.org/article/b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 2023-05-15T18:41:23+02:00 Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway Douglas Santos Joana Cardoso-Fernandes Alexandre Lima Axel Müller Marco Brönner Ana Cláudia Teodoro 2022-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153532 https://doaj.org/article/b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3532 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14153532 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 3532, p 3532 (2022) rare earth elements critical raw materials band ratios principal component analysis remote sensing Sentinel 2 Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153532 2022-12-30T21:13:34Z As an important source of lithium and rare earth elements (REE) and other critical elements, pegmatites are of great strategic economic interest for present and future technological development. Identifying new pegmatite deposits is a strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) to decrease its import dependence on non-European countries for these raw materials. It is in this context that the GREENPEG project was established, an EU project whose main objective is to identify new deposits of pegmatites in Europe in an environmentally friendly way. Remote sensing is a non-contact exploration tool that allows for identifying areas of interest for exploration at the early stage of exploration campaigns. Several RS methods have been developed to identify Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) pegmatites, but in this study, a new methodology was developed to detect Nb-Y-F (NYF) pegmatites in the Tysfjord area in Norway. This methodology is based on spectral analysis to select bands of the Sentinel 2 satellite and adapt RS methods, such as Band Ratios and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to be used as input in the Random Forest (RF) and other tree-based ensemble algorithms to improve the classification accuracy. The results obtained are encouraging, and the algorithm was able to successfully identify the pegmatite areas already known and new locations of interest for exploration were also defined. Article in Journal/Newspaper Tysfjord Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norway The Sentinel ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) Tysfjord ENVELOPE(16.374,16.374,68.097,68.097) Remote Sensing 14 15 3532 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
rare earth elements critical raw materials band ratios principal component analysis remote sensing Sentinel 2 Science Q |
spellingShingle |
rare earth elements critical raw materials band ratios principal component analysis remote sensing Sentinel 2 Science Q Douglas Santos Joana Cardoso-Fernandes Alexandre Lima Axel Müller Marco Brönner Ana Cláudia Teodoro Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
topic_facet |
rare earth elements critical raw materials band ratios principal component analysis remote sensing Sentinel 2 Science Q |
description |
As an important source of lithium and rare earth elements (REE) and other critical elements, pegmatites are of great strategic economic interest for present and future technological development. Identifying new pegmatite deposits is a strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) to decrease its import dependence on non-European countries for these raw materials. It is in this context that the GREENPEG project was established, an EU project whose main objective is to identify new deposits of pegmatites in Europe in an environmentally friendly way. Remote sensing is a non-contact exploration tool that allows for identifying areas of interest for exploration at the early stage of exploration campaigns. Several RS methods have been developed to identify Li-Cs-Ta (LCT) pegmatites, but in this study, a new methodology was developed to detect Nb-Y-F (NYF) pegmatites in the Tysfjord area in Norway. This methodology is based on spectral analysis to select bands of the Sentinel 2 satellite and adapt RS methods, such as Band Ratios and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to be used as input in the Random Forest (RF) and other tree-based ensemble algorithms to improve the classification accuracy. The results obtained are encouraging, and the algorithm was able to successfully identify the pegmatite areas already known and new locations of interest for exploration were also defined. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Douglas Santos Joana Cardoso-Fernandes Alexandre Lima Axel Müller Marco Brönner Ana Cláudia Teodoro |
author_facet |
Douglas Santos Joana Cardoso-Fernandes Alexandre Lima Axel Müller Marco Brönner Ana Cláudia Teodoro |
author_sort |
Douglas Santos |
title |
Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
title_short |
Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
title_full |
Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
title_fullStr |
Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spectral Analysis to Improve Inputs to Random Forest and Other Boosted Ensemble Tree-Based Algorithms for Detecting NYF Pegmatites in Tysfjord, Norway |
title_sort |
spectral analysis to improve inputs to random forest and other boosted ensemble tree-based algorithms for detecting nyf pegmatites in tysfjord, norway |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153532 https://doaj.org/article/b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) ENVELOPE(16.374,16.374,68.097,68.097) |
geographic |
Norway The Sentinel Tysfjord |
geographic_facet |
Norway The Sentinel Tysfjord |
genre |
Tysfjord |
genre_facet |
Tysfjord |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 3532, p 3532 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/15/3532 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14153532 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/b2d43d40a6c744cc8592c3aec5bd9e31 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153532 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
3532 |
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1766230874189201408 |