Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose
Abstract Landscape characteristics, seasonal changes in the environment, and daylight conditions influence space use and detection of prey and predators, resulting in spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk for the prey. When predators have different hunting modes, the combined effects of multiple...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b2a1d01d712041b8a36c9b8e19fda941 2023-05-15T13:13:04+02:00 Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose G. Ausilio C. Wikenros H. Sand P. Wabakken A. Eriksen B. Zimmermann 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1d01d712041b8a36c9b8e19fda941 EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1d01d712041b8a36c9b8e19fda941 Ecosphere, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) Alces alces Canis lupus habitat harvest kill site landscape Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 2023-02-05T01:26:26Z Abstract Landscape characteristics, seasonal changes in the environment, and daylight conditions influence space use and detection of prey and predators, resulting in spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk for the prey. When predators have different hunting modes, the combined effects of multiple predators are mediated by the physical landscape and can result in overlapping or contrasting patterns of predation risk. Humans have become super‐predators in many anthropogenic landscapes by harvesting game species and competing with large carnivores for prey. Here, we used the locations of wolf (Canis lupus)‐killed and hunter‐killed moose (Alces alces) in south‐central Scandinavia to investigate whether environmental and anthropogenic features influenced where wolves and hunters killed moose. We predicted that the combined effects of wolves and hunters would result in contrasting spatial risk patterns due to differences in hunting modes. We expected these contrasting spatial risk patterns also to differ temporally. During the hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with distance to bogs, whereas it decreased with increasing building density and distance to clearcuts and young forests. After the hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with increasing terrain ruggedness and decreased with increasing building density, distance to main roads, and distance to clearcuts and young forests. The probability of a hunter kill was highest closer to bogs, main and secondary roads, in less rugged terrain and in areas with lower building density. Hunters killed all moose during the day, whereas wolves killed most moose at night during and after the hunting season. Our findings suggest that environmental and anthropogenic features mediate hunting and wolf predation risk. Additionally, we found that hunter‐ and wolf‐killed moose exhibited contrasting spatial associations to landscape features, most likely due to the different hunting modes displayed by hunters and wolves. However, wolf predation ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Alces alces Canis lupus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Ecosphere 13 12 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Alces alces Canis lupus habitat harvest kill site landscape Ecology QH540-549.5 |
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Alces alces Canis lupus habitat harvest kill site landscape Ecology QH540-549.5 G. Ausilio C. Wikenros H. Sand P. Wabakken A. Eriksen B. Zimmermann Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
topic_facet |
Alces alces Canis lupus habitat harvest kill site landscape Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Landscape characteristics, seasonal changes in the environment, and daylight conditions influence space use and detection of prey and predators, resulting in spatiotemporal patterns of predation risk for the prey. When predators have different hunting modes, the combined effects of multiple predators are mediated by the physical landscape and can result in overlapping or contrasting patterns of predation risk. Humans have become super‐predators in many anthropogenic landscapes by harvesting game species and competing with large carnivores for prey. Here, we used the locations of wolf (Canis lupus)‐killed and hunter‐killed moose (Alces alces) in south‐central Scandinavia to investigate whether environmental and anthropogenic features influenced where wolves and hunters killed moose. We predicted that the combined effects of wolves and hunters would result in contrasting spatial risk patterns due to differences in hunting modes. We expected these contrasting spatial risk patterns also to differ temporally. During the hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with distance to bogs, whereas it decreased with increasing building density and distance to clearcuts and young forests. After the hunting season, the probability of a wolf kill increased with increasing terrain ruggedness and decreased with increasing building density, distance to main roads, and distance to clearcuts and young forests. The probability of a hunter kill was highest closer to bogs, main and secondary roads, in less rugged terrain and in areas with lower building density. Hunters killed all moose during the day, whereas wolves killed most moose at night during and after the hunting season. Our findings suggest that environmental and anthropogenic features mediate hunting and wolf predation risk. Additionally, we found that hunter‐ and wolf‐killed moose exhibited contrasting spatial associations to landscape features, most likely due to the different hunting modes displayed by hunters and wolves. However, wolf predation ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
G. Ausilio C. Wikenros H. Sand P. Wabakken A. Eriksen B. Zimmermann |
author_facet |
G. Ausilio C. Wikenros H. Sand P. Wabakken A. Eriksen B. Zimmermann |
author_sort |
G. Ausilio |
title |
Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
title_short |
Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
title_full |
Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
title_fullStr |
Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
title_sort |
environmental and anthropogenic features mediate risk from human hunters and wolves for moose |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1d01d712041b8a36c9b8e19fda941 |
genre |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Alces alces Canis lupus |
op_source |
Ecosphere, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/toc/2150-8925 2150-8925 doi:10.1002/ecs2.4323 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1d01d712041b8a36c9b8e19fda941 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4323 |
container_title |
Ecosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
12 |
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1766255886696710144 |