Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada
The availability of in situ snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt and run-off measurements is still very limited especially in remote areas as the density of operational stations and field observations is often scarce and usually costly, labour-intense and/or risky. With remote sensing products, spa...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010044 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 2023-05-15T17:22:59+02:00 Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada Florian Appel Franziska Koch Anja Rösel Philipp Klug Patrick Henkel Markus Lamm Wolfram Mauser Heike Bach 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010044 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/9/1/44 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263 2076-3263 doi:10.3390/geosciences9010044 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 Geosciences, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 44 (2019) snow SWE LWC run-off modelling hydropower application GNSS EO Geology QE1-996.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010044 2022-12-31T14:31:31Z The availability of in situ snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt and run-off measurements is still very limited especially in remote areas as the density of operational stations and field observations is often scarce and usually costly, labour-intense and/or risky. With remote sensing products, spatially distributed information on snow is potentially available, but often lacks the required spatial or temporal requirements for hydrological applications. For the assurance of a high spatial and temporal resolution, however, it is often necessary to combine several methods like Earth Observation (EO), modelling and in situ approaches. Such a combination was targeted within the business applications demonstration project SnowSense (2015–2018), co-funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), where we designed, developed and demonstrated an operational snow hydrological service. During the run-time of the project, the entire service was demonstrated for the island of Newfoundland, Canada. The SnowSense service, developed during the demonstration project, is based on three pillars, including (i) newly developed in situ snow monitoring stations based on signals of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); (ii) EO snow cover products on the snow cover extent and on information whether the snow is dry or wet; and (iii) an integrated physically based hydrological model. The key element of the service is the novel GNSS based in situ sensor, using two static low-cost antennas with one being mounted on the ground and the other one above the snow cover. This sensor setup enables retrieving the snow parameters SWE and liquid water content (LWC) in the snowpack in parallel, using GNSS carrier phase measurements and signal strength information. With the combined approach of the SnowSense service, it is possible to provide spatially distributed SWE to assess run-off and to provide relevant information for hydropower plant management in a high spatial and temporal resolution. This is particularly needed for so far non, or only ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Geosciences 9 1 44 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
snow SWE LWC run-off modelling hydropower application GNSS EO Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
snow SWE LWC run-off modelling hydropower application GNSS EO Geology QE1-996.5 Florian Appel Franziska Koch Anja Rösel Philipp Klug Patrick Henkel Markus Lamm Wolfram Mauser Heike Bach Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
topic_facet |
snow SWE LWC run-off modelling hydropower application GNSS EO Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The availability of in situ snow water equivalent (SWE), snowmelt and run-off measurements is still very limited especially in remote areas as the density of operational stations and field observations is often scarce and usually costly, labour-intense and/or risky. With remote sensing products, spatially distributed information on snow is potentially available, but often lacks the required spatial or temporal requirements for hydrological applications. For the assurance of a high spatial and temporal resolution, however, it is often necessary to combine several methods like Earth Observation (EO), modelling and in situ approaches. Such a combination was targeted within the business applications demonstration project SnowSense (2015–2018), co-funded by the European Space Agency (ESA), where we designed, developed and demonstrated an operational snow hydrological service. During the run-time of the project, the entire service was demonstrated for the island of Newfoundland, Canada. The SnowSense service, developed during the demonstration project, is based on three pillars, including (i) newly developed in situ snow monitoring stations based on signals of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS); (ii) EO snow cover products on the snow cover extent and on information whether the snow is dry or wet; and (iii) an integrated physically based hydrological model. The key element of the service is the novel GNSS based in situ sensor, using two static low-cost antennas with one being mounted on the ground and the other one above the snow cover. This sensor setup enables retrieving the snow parameters SWE and liquid water content (LWC) in the snowpack in parallel, using GNSS carrier phase measurements and signal strength information. With the combined approach of the SnowSense service, it is possible to provide spatially distributed SWE to assess run-off and to provide relevant information for hydropower plant management in a high spatial and temporal resolution. This is particularly needed for so far non, or only ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Florian Appel Franziska Koch Anja Rösel Philipp Klug Patrick Henkel Markus Lamm Wolfram Mauser Heike Bach |
author_facet |
Florian Appel Franziska Koch Anja Rösel Philipp Klug Patrick Henkel Markus Lamm Wolfram Mauser Heike Bach |
author_sort |
Florian Appel |
title |
Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
title_short |
Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
title_full |
Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
title_fullStr |
Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Advances in Snow Hydrology Using a Combined Approach of GNSS In Situ Stations, Hydrological Modelling and Earth Observation—A Case Study in Canada |
title_sort |
advances in snow hydrology using a combined approach of gnss in situ stations, hydrological modelling and earth observation—a case study in canada |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010044 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
Geosciences, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 44 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/9/1/44 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263 2076-3263 doi:10.3390/geosciences9010044 https://doaj.org/article/b2a1beecf6a24a42a9663837ecdd8d44 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010044 |
container_title |
Geosciences |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
44 |
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1766109958159466496 |