Low p CO 2 under sea-ice melt in the Canada Basin of the western Arctic Ocean

• Published in: Biogeosciences
• Main Authors: N. Kosugi, D. Sasano, M. Ishii, S. Nishino, H. Uchida, H. Yoshikawa-Inoue
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Copernicus Publications 2017
• Subjects: Ecology; QH540-549.5; Life; QH501-531; Geology; QE1-996.5; Arctic; Arctic Ocean; Chukchi Sea; Canada; Pacific; canada basin; Chukchi; Point Barrow; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5727-2017; https://doaj.org/article/b27c2b5e9ad94a7cbc0754f6008323de

In September 2013, we observed an expanse of surface water with low CO 2 partial pressure ( p CO 2 sea ) (< 200 µatm) in the Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. The large undersaturation of CO 2 in this region was the result of massive primary production after the sea-ice retreat in June and July. In the surface of the Canada Basin, salinity was low (< 27) and p CO 2 sea was closer to the air–sea CO 2 equilibrium (∼ 360 µatm). From the relationships between salinity and total alkalinity, we confirmed that the low salinity in the Canada Basin was due to the larger fraction of meltwater input (∼ 0.16) rather than the riverine discharge (∼ 0.1). Such an increase in p CO 2 sea was not so clear in the coastal region near Point Barrow, where the fraction of riverine discharge was larger than that of sea-ice melt. We also identified low p CO 2 sea (< 250 µatm) in the depth of 30–50 m under the halocline of the Canada Basin. This subsurface low p CO 2 sea was attributed to the advection of Pacific-origin water, in which dissolved inorganic carbon is relatively low, through the Chukchi Sea where net primary production is high. Oxygen supersaturation (> 20 µmol kg −1 ) in the subsurface low p CO 2 sea layer in the Canada Basin indicated significant net primary production undersea and/or in preformed condition. If these low p CO 2 sea layers surface by wind mixing, they will act as additional CO 2 sinks; however, this is unlikely because intensification of stratification by sea-ice melt inhibits mixing across the halocline.