Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD), which negatively impacts farmed Atlantic salmon. In this study, fish were vaccinated with a DNA-PD vaccine (DNA-PD) and an oil-adjuvanted, inactivated whole virus PD vaccine (Oil-PD). Controls were two non-PD vaccinated groups. Fish were kept i...
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2024
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 https://doaj.org/article/b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf 2024-09-09T19:30:31+00:00 Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 Ragnar Thorarinsson Anne Ramstad Jeffrey C. Wolf Hilde Sindre Eystein Skjerve Espen Rimstad Øystein Evensen Jose F. Rodriguez 2024-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 https://doaj.org/article/b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 https://doaj.org/article/b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 15 (2024) pancreas disease salmonid alphavirus Atlantic salmon DNA vaccine vaccine efficacy viral shedding Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 2024-08-05T17:49:51Z Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD), which negatively impacts farmed Atlantic salmon. In this study, fish were vaccinated with a DNA-PD vaccine (DNA-PD) and an oil-adjuvanted, inactivated whole virus PD vaccine (Oil-PD). Controls were two non-PD vaccinated groups. Fish were kept in one tank and challenged by cohabitation with SAV genotype 2 in seawater. Protection against infection and mortality was assessed for 84 days (Efficacy study). Nineteen days post challenge (dpc), subgroups of fish from all treatment groups were transferred to separate tanks and cohabited with naïve fish (Transmission study 1) or fish vaccinated with a homologous vaccine (Transmission study 2), to evaluate virus transmission for 26 days (47 dpc). Viremia, heart RT-qPCR and histopathological scoring of key organs affected by PD were used to measure infection levels. RT-droplet digital PCR quantified shedding of SAV into water for transmission studies. The Efficacy study showed that PD associated growth-loss was significantly lower and clearance of SAV2 RNA significantly higher in the PD-DNA group compared to the other groups. The PD-DNA group had milder lesions in the heart and muscle. Cumulative mortality post challenge was low and not different between groups, but the DNA-PD group had delayed time-to-death. In Transmission study 1, the lowest water levels of SAV RNA were measured in the tanks containing the DNA-PD group at 21 and 34 dpc. Despite this, and irrespective of the treatment group, SAV2 was effectively transmitted to the naïve fish during 26-day cohabitation. At 47 dpc, the SAV RNA concentrations in the water were lower in all tanks compared to 34 dpc. In Transmission study 2, none of the DNA-PD immunized cohabitants residing with DNA-PD-vaccinated, pre-challenged fish got infected. In contrast, Oil-PD immunized cohabitants residing with Oil-PD-vaccinated, pre-challenged fish, showed infection levels similar to the naïve cohabitants in Transmission study 1. The results demonstrate that the DNA-PD vaccine ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Frontiers in Immunology 15 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
pancreas disease salmonid alphavirus Atlantic salmon DNA vaccine vaccine efficacy viral shedding Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
spellingShingle |
pancreas disease salmonid alphavirus Atlantic salmon DNA vaccine vaccine efficacy viral shedding Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Ragnar Thorarinsson Anne Ramstad Jeffrey C. Wolf Hilde Sindre Eystein Skjerve Espen Rimstad Øystein Evensen Jose F. Rodriguez Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
topic_facet |
pancreas disease salmonid alphavirus Atlantic salmon DNA vaccine vaccine efficacy viral shedding Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
description |
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD), which negatively impacts farmed Atlantic salmon. In this study, fish were vaccinated with a DNA-PD vaccine (DNA-PD) and an oil-adjuvanted, inactivated whole virus PD vaccine (Oil-PD). Controls were two non-PD vaccinated groups. Fish were kept in one tank and challenged by cohabitation with SAV genotype 2 in seawater. Protection against infection and mortality was assessed for 84 days (Efficacy study). Nineteen days post challenge (dpc), subgroups of fish from all treatment groups were transferred to separate tanks and cohabited with naïve fish (Transmission study 1) or fish vaccinated with a homologous vaccine (Transmission study 2), to evaluate virus transmission for 26 days (47 dpc). Viremia, heart RT-qPCR and histopathological scoring of key organs affected by PD were used to measure infection levels. RT-droplet digital PCR quantified shedding of SAV into water for transmission studies. The Efficacy study showed that PD associated growth-loss was significantly lower and clearance of SAV2 RNA significantly higher in the PD-DNA group compared to the other groups. The PD-DNA group had milder lesions in the heart and muscle. Cumulative mortality post challenge was low and not different between groups, but the DNA-PD group had delayed time-to-death. In Transmission study 1, the lowest water levels of SAV RNA were measured in the tanks containing the DNA-PD group at 21 and 34 dpc. Despite this, and irrespective of the treatment group, SAV2 was effectively transmitted to the naïve fish during 26-day cohabitation. At 47 dpc, the SAV RNA concentrations in the water were lower in all tanks compared to 34 dpc. In Transmission study 2, none of the DNA-PD immunized cohabitants residing with DNA-PD-vaccinated, pre-challenged fish got infected. In contrast, Oil-PD immunized cohabitants residing with Oil-PD-vaccinated, pre-challenged fish, showed infection levels similar to the naïve cohabitants in Transmission study 1. The results demonstrate that the DNA-PD vaccine ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ragnar Thorarinsson Anne Ramstad Jeffrey C. Wolf Hilde Sindre Eystein Skjerve Espen Rimstad Øystein Evensen Jose F. Rodriguez |
author_facet |
Ragnar Thorarinsson Anne Ramstad Jeffrey C. Wolf Hilde Sindre Eystein Skjerve Espen Rimstad Øystein Evensen Jose F. Rodriguez |
author_sort |
Ragnar Thorarinsson |
title |
Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
title_short |
Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
title_full |
Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
title_fullStr |
Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
title_sort |
effect of pancreas disease vaccines on infection levels and virus transmission in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) challenged with salmonid alphavirus, genotype 2 |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 https://doaj.org/article/b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 15 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 https://doaj.org/article/b1ae960cf8e24427a09a98d4ff23dbaf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342816 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Immunology |
container_volume |
15 |
_version_ |
1809899509023506432 |