Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments
Testing of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assumed,...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f 2023-05-15T17:42:44+02:00 Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/8/695/2004/hess-8-695-2004.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1027-5606 https://doaj.org/toc/1607-7938 1027-5606 1607-7938 https://doaj.org/article/b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 695-705 (2004) Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2004 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T12:01:23Z Testing of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assumed, that microbial activity in soils proceeds at low rates at northern latitudes during winter, even at sub-zero temperatures. The INCA model was modified to improve the simulation of N transformation rates in northern catchments, characterised by cold climates and extensive snow accumulation and insulation in winter, by introducing an empirical function to simulate soil temperatures below the seasonal snow pack, and a degree-day model to calculate the depth of the snow pack. The proposed snow-correction factor improved the simulation of soil temperatures at Finnish and Norwegian field sites in winter, although soil temperature was still underestimated during periods with a thin snow cover. Finally, a comparison between the modified INCA version (v.1.7) and the former version (v.1.6) was made at the Simojoki river basin in northern Finland and at Dalelva Brook in northern Norway. The new modules did not imply any significant changes in simulated NO 3 - concentration levels in the streams but improved the timing of simulated higher concentrations. The inclusion of a modified temperature response function and an empirical snow-correction factor improved the flexibility and applicability of the model for climate effect studies. Keywords: inorganic N leaching, degree-day snow model, snow pack, catchment scale model Article in Journal/Newspaper Northern Finland Northern Norway Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Inca ENVELOPE(-59.194,-59.194,-62.308,-62.308) Norway Simojoki ENVELOPE(25.050,25.050,65.617,65.617) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
topic_facet |
Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Testing of the Integrated Nitrogen model for Catchments (INCA) in a wide range of ecosystem types across Europe has shown that the model underestimates N transformation processes to a large extent in northern catchments of Finland and Norway in winter and spring. It is found, and generally assumed, that microbial activity in soils proceeds at low rates at northern latitudes during winter, even at sub-zero temperatures. The INCA model was modified to improve the simulation of N transformation rates in northern catchments, characterised by cold climates and extensive snow accumulation and insulation in winter, by introducing an empirical function to simulate soil temperatures below the seasonal snow pack, and a degree-day model to calculate the depth of the snow pack. The proposed snow-correction factor improved the simulation of soil temperatures at Finnish and Norwegian field sites in winter, although soil temperature was still underestimated during periods with a thin snow cover. Finally, a comparison between the modified INCA version (v.1.7) and the former version (v.1.6) was made at the Simojoki river basin in northern Finland and at Dalelva Brook in northern Norway. The new modules did not imply any significant changes in simulated NO 3 - concentration levels in the streams but improved the timing of simulated higher concentrations. The inclusion of a modified temperature response function and an empirical snow-correction factor improved the flexibility and applicability of the model for climate effect studies. Keywords: inorganic N leaching, degree-day snow model, snow pack, catchment scale model |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield |
author_facet |
K. Rankinen Ø. Kaste D. Butterfield |
author_sort |
K. Rankinen |
title |
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
title_short |
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
title_full |
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
title_fullStr |
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adaptation of the Integrated Nitrogen Model for Catchments (INCA) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
title_sort |
adaptation of the integrated nitrogen model for catchments (inca) to seasonally snow-covered catchments |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.194,-59.194,-62.308,-62.308) ENVELOPE(25.050,25.050,65.617,65.617) |
geographic |
Inca Norway Simojoki |
geographic_facet |
Inca Norway Simojoki |
genre |
Northern Finland Northern Norway |
genre_facet |
Northern Finland Northern Norway |
op_source |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 695-705 (2004) |
op_relation |
http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/8/695/2004/hess-8-695-2004.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1027-5606 https://doaj.org/toc/1607-7938 1027-5606 1607-7938 https://doaj.org/article/b15c84223f5a4680994745d89c398f6f |
_version_ |
1766144642744582144 |