Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture
Soil moisture (SM), as a crucial variable in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum, plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. Analyzing SM’s variation and driver factors is crucial to maintaining ecosystem diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and ensuring food security as well as w...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:afb7bab23505409c89604535f2866c83 2023-05-15T17:58:13+02:00 Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture Ermei Zhang Yujie Liu Tao Pan Qinghua Tan Zhiang Ma 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194862 https://doaj.org/article/afb7bab23505409c89604535f2866c83 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4862 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14194862 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/afb7bab23505409c89604535f2866c83 Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4862, p 4862 (2022) GLDAS-2.1 SM products statistical downscaling geographic detectors climate change human activities the Tibetan Plateau Science Q article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194862 2022-12-30T19:46:45Z Soil moisture (SM), as a crucial variable in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum, plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. Analyzing SM’s variation and driver factors is crucial to maintaining ecosystem diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and ensuring food security as well as water supply balance in developing countries. Gradual wetting of the soil has been detected and attributed to precipitation in this area. However, there is still a gap in understanding the potential mechanisms. It is unclear whether the greening, glacier melting, and different vegetation degradation caused by asymmetrical climate change and intensified human activities have significantly affected the balance of SM. Here, to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous SM caused by precipitation was subject to temperatures and anthropogenic constraints, GLDAS-2.1 (Global Land Data Assimilation System-2.1) SM products combined with the statistical downscaling and Geographic detectors were applied. The results revealed that: (1) Seasonal SM gradually increased ( p < 0.05), while SM deficit frequently appeared with exposure to extreme climates, such as in the summer of 2010 and 2013, and changed into a pattern of precipitation transport to western dry lands in autumn. (2) There was a synergistic reaction between greening and local moisture in autumn. SM was dominated by low temperature (TMN) in winter, warming indirectly regulated SM by exacerbating the thawing of glaciers and permafrost. The spatial coupling between the faster rising rate of TMN and the frozen soil might further aggravate the imbalance of SM. (3) The land cover’s mutual transformation principally affected SM in spring and autumn, and degradation accelerated the loss of SM replenished by precipitation. (4) Land cover responses were different; SM in grassland was less affected by external disturbance, while degraded woodland and shrub performed adaptive feedback under dry environments, SM increased by 0.05 and 0.04 m 3 /(m 3 10a), respectively. Our research ... Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Remote Sensing 14 19 4862 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
GLDAS-2.1 SM products statistical downscaling geographic detectors climate change human activities the Tibetan Plateau Science Q |
spellingShingle |
GLDAS-2.1 SM products statistical downscaling geographic detectors climate change human activities the Tibetan Plateau Science Q Ermei Zhang Yujie Liu Tao Pan Qinghua Tan Zhiang Ma Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
topic_facet |
GLDAS-2.1 SM products statistical downscaling geographic detectors climate change human activities the Tibetan Plateau Science Q |
description |
Soil moisture (SM), as a crucial variable in the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum, plays an important role in the terrestrial water cycle. Analyzing SM’s variation and driver factors is crucial to maintaining ecosystem diversity on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and ensuring food security as well as water supply balance in developing countries. Gradual wetting of the soil has been detected and attributed to precipitation in this area. However, there is still a gap in understanding the potential mechanisms. It is unclear whether the greening, glacier melting, and different vegetation degradation caused by asymmetrical climate change and intensified human activities have significantly affected the balance of SM. Here, to test the hypothesis that heterogeneous SM caused by precipitation was subject to temperatures and anthropogenic constraints, GLDAS-2.1 (Global Land Data Assimilation System-2.1) SM products combined with the statistical downscaling and Geographic detectors were applied. The results revealed that: (1) Seasonal SM gradually increased ( p < 0.05), while SM deficit frequently appeared with exposure to extreme climates, such as in the summer of 2010 and 2013, and changed into a pattern of precipitation transport to western dry lands in autumn. (2) There was a synergistic reaction between greening and local moisture in autumn. SM was dominated by low temperature (TMN) in winter, warming indirectly regulated SM by exacerbating the thawing of glaciers and permafrost. The spatial coupling between the faster rising rate of TMN and the frozen soil might further aggravate the imbalance of SM. (3) The land cover’s mutual transformation principally affected SM in spring and autumn, and degradation accelerated the loss of SM replenished by precipitation. (4) Land cover responses were different; SM in grassland was less affected by external disturbance, while degraded woodland and shrub performed adaptive feedback under dry environments, SM increased by 0.05 and 0.04 m 3 /(m 3 10a), respectively. Our research ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ermei Zhang Yujie Liu Tao Pan Qinghua Tan Zhiang Ma |
author_facet |
Ermei Zhang Yujie Liu Tao Pan Qinghua Tan Zhiang Ma |
author_sort |
Ermei Zhang |
title |
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
title_short |
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
title_full |
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating the Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Seasonal Trends and Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Moisture |
title_sort |
evaluating the effects of climate change and human activities on the seasonal trends and spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194862 https://doaj.org/article/afb7bab23505409c89604535f2866c83 |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 4862, p 4862 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/19/4862 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs14194862 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/afb7bab23505409c89604535f2866c83 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14194862 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
19 |
container_start_page |
4862 |
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1766166787330670592 |