West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence.
West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) virus are enzootically maintained in North America in cycles involving the same mosquito vectors and similar avian hosts. However, these viruses exhibit dissimilar viremia and virulence phenotypes in birds: WNV is associated with high magnitude...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ae30dfb14baa4e42b70f90dadbaf9d4f 2023-05-15T15:13:21+02:00 West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. Payal D Maharaj Angela M Bosco-Lauth Stanley A Langevin Michael Anishchenko Richard A Bowen William K Reisen Aaron C Brault 2018-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 https://doaj.org/article/ae30dfb14baa4e42b70f90dadbaf9d4f EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5831645?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 https://doaj.org/article/ae30dfb14baa4e42b70f90dadbaf9d4f PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0006302 (2018) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 2022-12-31T03:24:36Z West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) virus are enzootically maintained in North America in cycles involving the same mosquito vectors and similar avian hosts. However, these viruses exhibit dissimilar viremia and virulence phenotypes in birds: WNV is associated with high magnitude viremias that can result in mortality in certain species such as American crows (AMCRs, Corvus brachyrhynchos) whereas SLEV infection yields lower viremias that have not been associated with avian mortality. Cross-neutralization of these viruses in avian sera has been proposed to explain the reduced circulation of SLEV since the introduction of WNV in North America; however, in 2015, both viruses were the etiologic agents of concurrent human encephalitis outbreaks in Arizona, indicating the need to re-evaluate host factors and cross-neutralization responses as factors potentially affecting viral co-circulation. Reciprocal chimeric WNV and SLEV viruses were constructed by interchanging the pre-membrane (prM)-envelope (E) genes, and viruses subsequently generated were utilized herein for the inoculation of three different avian species: house sparrows (HOSPs; Passer domesticus), house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) and AMCRs. Cross-protective immunity between parental and chimeric viruses were also assessed in HOSPs. Results indicated that the prM-E genes did not modulate avian replication or virulence differences between WNV and SLEV in any of the three avian species. However, WNV-prME proteins did dictate cross-protective immunity between these antigenically heterologous viruses. Our data provides further evidence of the important role that the WNV / SLEV viral non-structural genetic elements play in viral replication, avian host competence and virulence. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic St. Louis ENVELOPE(-67.496,-67.496,-67.132,-67.132) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12 2 e0006302 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Payal D Maharaj Angela M Bosco-Lauth Stanley A Langevin Michael Anishchenko Richard A Bowen William K Reisen Aaron C Brault West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) virus are enzootically maintained in North America in cycles involving the same mosquito vectors and similar avian hosts. However, these viruses exhibit dissimilar viremia and virulence phenotypes in birds: WNV is associated with high magnitude viremias that can result in mortality in certain species such as American crows (AMCRs, Corvus brachyrhynchos) whereas SLEV infection yields lower viremias that have not been associated with avian mortality. Cross-neutralization of these viruses in avian sera has been proposed to explain the reduced circulation of SLEV since the introduction of WNV in North America; however, in 2015, both viruses were the etiologic agents of concurrent human encephalitis outbreaks in Arizona, indicating the need to re-evaluate host factors and cross-neutralization responses as factors potentially affecting viral co-circulation. Reciprocal chimeric WNV and SLEV viruses were constructed by interchanging the pre-membrane (prM)-envelope (E) genes, and viruses subsequently generated were utilized herein for the inoculation of three different avian species: house sparrows (HOSPs; Passer domesticus), house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) and AMCRs. Cross-protective immunity between parental and chimeric viruses were also assessed in HOSPs. Results indicated that the prM-E genes did not modulate avian replication or virulence differences between WNV and SLEV in any of the three avian species. However, WNV-prME proteins did dictate cross-protective immunity between these antigenically heterologous viruses. Our data provides further evidence of the important role that the WNV / SLEV viral non-structural genetic elements play in viral replication, avian host competence and virulence. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Payal D Maharaj Angela M Bosco-Lauth Stanley A Langevin Michael Anishchenko Richard A Bowen William K Reisen Aaron C Brault |
author_facet |
Payal D Maharaj Angela M Bosco-Lauth Stanley A Langevin Michael Anishchenko Richard A Bowen William K Reisen Aaron C Brault |
author_sort |
Payal D Maharaj |
title |
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
title_short |
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
title_full |
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
title_fullStr |
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
title_full_unstemmed |
West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
title_sort |
west nile and st. louis encephalitis viral genetic determinants of avian host competence. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 https://doaj.org/article/ae30dfb14baa4e42b70f90dadbaf9d4f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-67.496,-67.496,-67.132,-67.132) |
geographic |
Arctic St. Louis |
geographic_facet |
Arctic St. Louis |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 2, p e0006302 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5831645?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 https://doaj.org/article/ae30dfb14baa4e42b70f90dadbaf9d4f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006302 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e0006302 |
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1766343919847604224 |