Sporotrichoid leishmaniasis: a cross-sectional clinical, epidemiological and laboratory study in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

• Published in: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
• Main Authors: Livia Martins Veloso de Carvalho, Maria Inês Fernandes Pimentel, Fátima Conceição-Silva, Érica de Camargo Ferreira e Vasconcellos, Cláudia Maria Valete-Rosalino, Marcelo Rosandiski Lyra, Mariza de Matos Salgueiro, Maurício Naoto Saheki, Maria de Fátima Madeira, Eliame Mouta-Confort, Liliane de Fátima Antonio, Aline Fagundes da Silva, Leonardo Pereira Quintella, Sandro Javier Bedoya-Pacheco, Armando de Oliveira Schubach
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
• Subjects: Sporotrichoid leishmaniasis; American tegumentary leishmaniasis; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Sporotrichosis; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201759033; https://doaj.org/article/adf1485b3c5e4bfe886ff5bbf7fb67af

ABSTRACT Background Atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis include sporotrichoid leishmaniasis (SL), which is clinically described as a primary ulcer combined with lymphangitis and nodules and/or ulcerated lesions along its pathway. Aims To assess the differences between patients with sporotrichoid leishmaniasis and typical cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods From January 2004 to December 2010, 23 cases of SL (4.7%) were detected among 494 CL patients diagnosed at a reference center for the disease in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. These 23 cases were compared with the remaining 471 patients presenting CL. Results SL predominated in female patients (60.9%, p = 0.024), with older age (p = 0.032) and with lesions in upper limbs (52.2%, p = 0.028). CL affected more men (64.5%), at younger age, and with a higher number of lesions exclusively in lower limbs (34.8%). Conclusions Differences in clinical and epidemiological presentation were found between SL patients as compared to CL ones, in a region with a known predominance of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The results are similar to the features of most of the sporotrichosis patients as described in literature, making the differential diagnosis between ATL and sporotrichosis more important in overlapping areas for both diseases, like in Rio de Janeiro State.