Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation
The experimental data on the cosmic ray energy spectrum obtained from the Small Cherenkov Array in Yakutsk on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation in showers with energy 1015–1018 eV are discussed. The data were obtained by means of continuous array operation since 1994. The all particle spectrum...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ad791597d6ea4341a38f3915bee77e44 2023-05-15T18:45:23+02:00 Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation Knurenko Stanislav Petrov Igor Petrov Zim Sleptsov Ivan 2015-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/article/ad791597d6ea4341a38f3915bee77e44 EN eng EDP Sciences http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/toc/2100-014X 2100-014X doi:10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/article/ad791597d6ea4341a38f3915bee77e44 EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 99, p 04001 (2015) Physics QC1-999 article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 2022-12-31T12:49:17Z The experimental data on the cosmic ray energy spectrum obtained from the Small Cherenkov Array in Yakutsk on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation in showers with energy 1015–1018 eV are discussed. The data were obtained by means of continuous array operation since 1994. The all particle spectrum in this energy region was found to have a complex shape and cannot be described by a simple exponential function with a single slope indicator, g. After the first kink at energy 3 · 1015 eV (knee), the spectrum becomes steeper at Δγ = 0.4 up to energy <2 · 1016 eV, then part of the spectrum becomes flat to >8 · 1016 eV, the slope of the spectrum is 2.92 ± 0.03 and then again changes slope by Δγ = 0.32 ± 0.05 from about ∼2· 1017 eV. The second kink in the spectrum observed at the Yakutsk EAS array at ∼2·1017 eV, or also called second knee, is a significant result for space astrophysics of ultra-high cosmic rays. In this paper we discuss possible scenarios for spectrum formation of cosmic rays by galactic sources to energies <1017 eV, mainly supernovae remnants (SNR) and Metagalactic origins in the energy range 1017–1018 eV. Most likely, that measurement of the second knee is related with the transitional region, galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays. Article in Journal/Newspaper Yakutsk Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Yakutsk EPJ Web of Conferences 99 04001 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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topic |
Physics QC1-999 |
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Physics QC1-999 Knurenko Stanislav Petrov Igor Petrov Zim Sleptsov Ivan Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 |
description |
The experimental data on the cosmic ray energy spectrum obtained from the Small Cherenkov Array in Yakutsk on the measurement of Cherenkov radiation in showers with energy 1015–1018 eV are discussed. The data were obtained by means of continuous array operation since 1994. The all particle spectrum in this energy region was found to have a complex shape and cannot be described by a simple exponential function with a single slope indicator, g. After the first kink at energy 3 · 1015 eV (knee), the spectrum becomes steeper at Δγ = 0.4 up to energy <2 · 1016 eV, then part of the spectrum becomes flat to >8 · 1016 eV, the slope of the spectrum is 2.92 ± 0.03 and then again changes slope by Δγ = 0.32 ± 0.05 from about ∼2· 1017 eV. The second kink in the spectrum observed at the Yakutsk EAS array at ∼2·1017 eV, or also called second knee, is a significant result for space astrophysics of ultra-high cosmic rays. In this paper we discuss possible scenarios for spectrum formation of cosmic rays by galactic sources to energies <1017 eV, mainly supernovae remnants (SNR) and Metagalactic origins in the energy range 1017–1018 eV. Most likely, that measurement of the second knee is related with the transitional region, galactic to extragalactic origin of cosmic rays. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Knurenko Stanislav Petrov Igor Petrov Zim Sleptsov Ivan |
author_facet |
Knurenko Stanislav Petrov Igor Petrov Zim Sleptsov Ivan |
author_sort |
Knurenko Stanislav |
title |
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
title_short |
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
title_full |
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
title_fullStr |
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the Yakutsk array: Part 1. Cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 eV and its interpretation |
title_sort |
ultra-high energy cosmic rays: 40 years retrospective of continuous observations at the yakutsk array: part 1. cosmic ray spectrum in the energy range 1015–1018 ev and its interpretation |
publisher |
EDP Sciences |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/article/ad791597d6ea4341a38f3915bee77e44 |
geographic |
Yakutsk |
geographic_facet |
Yakutsk |
genre |
Yakutsk |
genre_facet |
Yakutsk |
op_source |
EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 99, p 04001 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/toc/2100-014X 2100-014X doi:10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 https://doaj.org/article/ad791597d6ea4341a38f3915bee77e44 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159904001 |
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EPJ Web of Conferences |
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99 |
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04001 |
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