Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey
Objectives. To investigate socioeconomic and ethnic group inequalities in prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the 27 federative units of Brazil. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, three household surveys were carried out on May 14-21, June 4-7, and June 21-24, 2020 in 133 Brazilian u...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:acf49cb20a8e4aeb9f44950473379706 2023-05-15T15:13:16+02:00 Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey Bernardo L Horta Mariângela F Silveira Aluísio J D Barros Fernando C Barros Fernando P Hartwig Mariane S Dias Ana M B Menezes Pedro C Hallal Cesar G Victora 2020-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 https://doaj.org/article/acf49cb20a8e4aeb9f44950473379706 EN ES PT eng spa por Pan American Health Organization https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52948 https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-5348 1020-4989 1680-5348 doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 https://doaj.org/article/acf49cb20a8e4aeb9f44950473379706 Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 44, Iss 135, Pp 1-7 (2020) epidemiology coronavirus infections surveys and questionnaires social inequity brazil Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 2022-12-31T14:09:32Z Objectives. To investigate socioeconomic and ethnic group inequalities in prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the 27 federative units of Brazil. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, three household surveys were carried out on May 14-21, June 4-7, and June 21-24, 2020 in 133 Brazilian urban areas. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 250 individuals in each city to undergo a rapid antibody test. Subjects answered a questionnaire on household assets, schooling and self-reported skin color/ethnicity using the standard Brazilian classification in five categories: white, black, brown, Asian or indigenous. Principal component analyses of assets was used to classify socioeconomic position into five wealth quintiles. Poisson regression was used for the analyses. Results. 25 025 subjects were tested in the first, 31 165 in the second, and 33 207 in the third wave of the survey, with prevalence of positive results equal to 1.4%, 2.4%, and 2.9% respectively. Individuals in the poorest quintile were 2.16 times (95% confidence interval 1.86; 2.51) more likely to test positive than those in the wealthiest quintile, and those with 12 or more years of schooling had lower prevalence than subjects with less education. Indigenous individuals had 4.71 (3.65; 6.08) times higher prevalence than whites, as did those with black or brown skin color. Adjustment for region of the country reduced the prevalence ratios according to wealth, education and ethnicity, but results remained statistically significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil shows steep class and ethnic gradients, with lowest risks among white, educated and wealthy individuals. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 1 7 |
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op_collection_id |
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English Spanish Portuguese |
topic |
epidemiology coronavirus infections surveys and questionnaires social inequity brazil Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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epidemiology coronavirus infections surveys and questionnaires social inequity brazil Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Bernardo L Horta Mariângela F Silveira Aluísio J D Barros Fernando C Barros Fernando P Hartwig Mariane S Dias Ana M B Menezes Pedro C Hallal Cesar G Victora Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
topic_facet |
epidemiology coronavirus infections surveys and questionnaires social inequity brazil Medicine R Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Objectives. To investigate socioeconomic and ethnic group inequalities in prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the 27 federative units of Brazil. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, three household surveys were carried out on May 14-21, June 4-7, and June 21-24, 2020 in 133 Brazilian urban areas. Multi-stage sampling was used to select 250 individuals in each city to undergo a rapid antibody test. Subjects answered a questionnaire on household assets, schooling and self-reported skin color/ethnicity using the standard Brazilian classification in five categories: white, black, brown, Asian or indigenous. Principal component analyses of assets was used to classify socioeconomic position into five wealth quintiles. Poisson regression was used for the analyses. Results. 25 025 subjects were tested in the first, 31 165 in the second, and 33 207 in the third wave of the survey, with prevalence of positive results equal to 1.4%, 2.4%, and 2.9% respectively. Individuals in the poorest quintile were 2.16 times (95% confidence interval 1.86; 2.51) more likely to test positive than those in the wealthiest quintile, and those with 12 or more years of schooling had lower prevalence than subjects with less education. Indigenous individuals had 4.71 (3.65; 6.08) times higher prevalence than whites, as did those with black or brown skin color. Adjustment for region of the country reduced the prevalence ratios according to wealth, education and ethnicity, but results remained statistically significant. Conclusions. The prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil shows steep class and ethnic gradients, with lowest risks among white, educated and wealthy individuals. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bernardo L Horta Mariângela F Silveira Aluísio J D Barros Fernando C Barros Fernando P Hartwig Mariane S Dias Ana M B Menezes Pedro C Hallal Cesar G Victora |
author_facet |
Bernardo L Horta Mariângela F Silveira Aluísio J D Barros Fernando C Barros Fernando P Hartwig Mariane S Dias Ana M B Menezes Pedro C Hallal Cesar G Victora |
author_sort |
Bernardo L Horta |
title |
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
title_short |
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
title_full |
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
title_fullStr |
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide Brazilian survey |
title_sort |
prevalence of antibodies against sars-cov-2 according to socioeconomic and ethnic status in a nationwide brazilian survey |
publisher |
Pan American Health Organization |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 https://doaj.org/article/acf49cb20a8e4aeb9f44950473379706 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, Vol 44, Iss 135, Pp 1-7 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/52948 https://doaj.org/toc/1020-4989 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-5348 1020-4989 1680-5348 doi:10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 https://doaj.org/article/acf49cb20a8e4aeb9f44950473379706 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.135 |
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Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
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44 |
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