A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Pa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:acaca3fe276f4ac39faa0cd3f4b19051 2024-09-09T19:26:13+00:00 A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. Elli Mylona Duy Pham Thanh Jacqueline A Keane Sabina Dongol Buddha Basnyat Christiane Dolecek Phat Voong Vinh Nga Tran Vu Thieu To Nguyen Thi Nguyen Abhilasha Karkey Stephen Baker 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/article/acaca3fe276f4ac39faa0cd3f4b19051 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/article/acaca3fe276f4ac39faa0cd3f4b19051 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e0011864 (2024) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 2024-08-05T17:48:59Z Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A remain generally scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of 216 S. Paratyphi A isolates originating from Kathmandu, Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from patients with acute enteric fever and 16 from the gallbladder of people with suspected chronic carriage. By exploiting the recently developed genotyping framework for S. Paratyphi A (Paratype), we identified several genotypes circulating in Kathmandu. Notably, we observed an unusual clonal expansion of genotype 2.4.3 over a four-year period that spread geographically and systematically replaced other genotypes. This rapid genotype replacement is hypothesised to have been driven by both reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and genetic changes to virulence factors, such as functional and structural genes encoding the type 3 secretion systems. Finally, we show that person-to-person is likely the most common mode of transmission and chronic carriers seem to play a limited role in maintaining disease circulation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 18 6 e0011864 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Elli Mylona Duy Pham Thanh Jacqueline A Keane Sabina Dongol Buddha Basnyat Christiane Dolecek Phat Voong Vinh Nga Tran Vu Thieu To Nguyen Thi Nguyen Abhilasha Karkey Stephen Baker A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Salmonella Paratyphi A, one of the major etiologic agents of enteric fever, has increased in prevalence in recent decades in certain endemic regions in comparison to S. Typhi, the most prevalent cause of enteric fever. Despite this increase, data on the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of S. Paratyphi A remain generally scarce. Here, we analysed the whole genome sequences of 216 S. Paratyphi A isolates originating from Kathmandu, Nepal between 2005 and 2014, of which 200 were from patients with acute enteric fever and 16 from the gallbladder of people with suspected chronic carriage. By exploiting the recently developed genotyping framework for S. Paratyphi A (Paratype), we identified several genotypes circulating in Kathmandu. Notably, we observed an unusual clonal expansion of genotype 2.4.3 over a four-year period that spread geographically and systematically replaced other genotypes. This rapid genotype replacement is hypothesised to have been driven by both reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and genetic changes to virulence factors, such as functional and structural genes encoding the type 3 secretion systems. Finally, we show that person-to-person is likely the most common mode of transmission and chronic carriers seem to play a limited role in maintaining disease circulation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elli Mylona Duy Pham Thanh Jacqueline A Keane Sabina Dongol Buddha Basnyat Christiane Dolecek Phat Voong Vinh Nga Tran Vu Thieu To Nguyen Thi Nguyen Abhilasha Karkey Stephen Baker |
author_facet |
Elli Mylona Duy Pham Thanh Jacqueline A Keane Sabina Dongol Buddha Basnyat Christiane Dolecek Phat Voong Vinh Nga Tran Vu Thieu To Nguyen Thi Nguyen Abhilasha Karkey Stephen Baker |
author_sort |
Elli Mylona |
title |
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
title_short |
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
title_full |
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
title_fullStr |
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal. |
title_sort |
retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of salmonella paratyphi a in kathmandu, nepal. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/article/acaca3fe276f4ac39faa0cd3f4b19051 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 18, Iss 6, p e0011864 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 https://doaj.org/article/acaca3fe276f4ac39faa0cd3f4b19051 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011864 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e0011864 |
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1809895875690889216 |