In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 https://doaj.org/article/ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 2023-05-15T15:58:04+02:00 In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins Norma Estrada Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez Alejandra Palacios Felipe Ascencio Laura Guzmán-Villanueva Rubén G. Contreras 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 https://doaj.org/article/ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 https://doaj.org/article/ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021) programmed cell death marine toxins apoptosis pyroptosis-like bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 2022-12-31T04:23:33Z Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Frontiers in Immunology 12 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
programmed cell death marine toxins apoptosis pyroptosis-like bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
spellingShingle |
programmed cell death marine toxins apoptosis pyroptosis-like bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Norma Estrada Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez Alejandra Palacios Felipe Ascencio Laura Guzmán-Villanueva Rubén G. Contreras In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
topic_facet |
programmed cell death marine toxins apoptosis pyroptosis-like bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
description |
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Norma Estrada Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez Alejandra Palacios Felipe Ascencio Laura Guzmán-Villanueva Rubén G. Contreras |
author_facet |
Norma Estrada Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez Alejandra Palacios Felipe Ascencio Laura Guzmán-Villanueva Rubén G. Contreras |
author_sort |
Norma Estrada |
title |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_short |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_full |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_fullStr |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_full_unstemmed |
In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins |
title_sort |
in vitro evaluation of programmed cell death in the immune system of pacific oyster crassostrea gigas by the effect of marine toxins |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 https://doaj.org/article/ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas Pacific oyster |
op_source |
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 https://doaj.org/article/ac9e53ddb31e44cfa7b5c6c82585a266 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Immunology |
container_volume |
12 |
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1766393784823709696 |