Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport
Icelandic dust sources are known to be highly active, yet there exist few model simulations of Icelandic dust that could be used to assess its impacts on the environment. We here present estimates of dust emission and transport in Iceland over 27 years (1990–2016) based on FLEXDUST and FLEXPART simu...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ac8d0bb5edb44e0e88f689b24f68573a 2023-05-15T16:28:32+02:00 Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport C. D. Groot Zwaaftink Ó. Arnalds P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova S. Eckhardt J. M. Prospero A. Stohl 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 https://doaj.org/article/ac8d0bb5edb44e0e88f689b24f68573a EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/10865/2017/acp-17-10865-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/ac8d0bb5edb44e0e88f689b24f68573a Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 10865-10878 (2017) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 2022-12-31T02:18:03Z Icelandic dust sources are known to be highly active, yet there exist few model simulations of Icelandic dust that could be used to assess its impacts on the environment. We here present estimates of dust emission and transport in Iceland over 27 years (1990–2016) based on FLEXDUST and FLEXPART simulations and meteorological re-analysis data. Simulations for the year 2012 based on high-resolution operational meteorological analyses are used for model evaluation based on PM 2. 5 and PM 10 observations in Iceland. For stations in Reykjavik, we find that the spring period is well predicted by the model, while dust events in late fall and early winter are overpredicted. Six years of dust concentrations observed at Stórhöfði (Heimaey) show that the model predicts concentrations of the same order of magnitude as observations and timing of modelled and observed dust peaks agrees well. Average annual dust emission is 4.3 ± 0.8 Tg during the 27 years of simulation. Fifty percent of all dust from Iceland is on average emitted in just 25 days of the year, demonstrating the importance of a few strong events for annual total dust emissions. Annual dust emission as well as transport patterns correlate only weakly to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Deposition amounts in remote regions (Svalbard and Greenland) vary from year to year. Only limited dust amounts reach the upper Greenland Ice Sheet, but considerable dust amounts are deposited on Icelandic glaciers and can impact melt rates there. Approximately 34 % of the annual dust emission is deposited in Iceland itself. Most dust (58 %), however, is deposited in the ocean and may strongly influence marine ecosystems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Heimaey Ice Sheet Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Greenland Heimaey ENVELOPE(-22.486,-22.486,65.099,65.099) Stórhöfði ENVELOPE(-20.288,-20.288,63.399,63.399) Svalbard Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17 17 10865 10878 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 C. D. Groot Zwaaftink Ó. Arnalds P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova S. Eckhardt J. M. Prospero A. Stohl Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Icelandic dust sources are known to be highly active, yet there exist few model simulations of Icelandic dust that could be used to assess its impacts on the environment. We here present estimates of dust emission and transport in Iceland over 27 years (1990–2016) based on FLEXDUST and FLEXPART simulations and meteorological re-analysis data. Simulations for the year 2012 based on high-resolution operational meteorological analyses are used for model evaluation based on PM 2. 5 and PM 10 observations in Iceland. For stations in Reykjavik, we find that the spring period is well predicted by the model, while dust events in late fall and early winter are overpredicted. Six years of dust concentrations observed at Stórhöfði (Heimaey) show that the model predicts concentrations of the same order of magnitude as observations and timing of modelled and observed dust peaks agrees well. Average annual dust emission is 4.3 ± 0.8 Tg during the 27 years of simulation. Fifty percent of all dust from Iceland is on average emitted in just 25 days of the year, demonstrating the importance of a few strong events for annual total dust emissions. Annual dust emission as well as transport patterns correlate only weakly to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Deposition amounts in remote regions (Svalbard and Greenland) vary from year to year. Only limited dust amounts reach the upper Greenland Ice Sheet, but considerable dust amounts are deposited on Icelandic glaciers and can impact melt rates there. Approximately 34 % of the annual dust emission is deposited in Iceland itself. Most dust (58 %), however, is deposited in the ocean and may strongly influence marine ecosystems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
C. D. Groot Zwaaftink Ó. Arnalds P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova S. Eckhardt J. M. Prospero A. Stohl |
author_facet |
C. D. Groot Zwaaftink Ó. Arnalds P. Dagsson-Waldhauserova S. Eckhardt J. M. Prospero A. Stohl |
author_sort |
C. D. Groot Zwaaftink |
title |
Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
title_short |
Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
title_full |
Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
title_fullStr |
Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
title_full_unstemmed |
Temporal and spatial variability of Icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
title_sort |
temporal and spatial variability of icelandic dust emissions and atmospheric transport |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 https://doaj.org/article/ac8d0bb5edb44e0e88f689b24f68573a |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-22.486,-22.486,65.099,65.099) ENVELOPE(-20.288,-20.288,63.399,63.399) |
geographic |
Greenland Heimaey Stórhöfði Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Heimaey Stórhöfði Svalbard |
genre |
Greenland Heimaey Ice Sheet Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Greenland Heimaey Ice Sheet Iceland North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Svalbard |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 17, Pp 10865-10878 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/10865/2017/acp-17-10865-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/ac8d0bb5edb44e0e88f689b24f68573a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10865-2017 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
10865 |
op_container_end_page |
10878 |
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1766018191213985792 |