Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method
This paper addresses the long-term climatology (over two solar cycles) of total electron content (TEC) irregularities from a polar cap station (Thule) using the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI). The climatology reveals variabilities over different time scales, i.e., solar cycle, seasonal, and...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ac2893d29c774d4fa39a8fdc096449e1 2023-05-15T16:29:42+02:00 Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method Jin Yaqi Clausen Lasse B.N. Miloch Wojciech J. Høeg Per Jarmołowski Wojciech Wielgosz Paweł Paziewski Jacek Milanowska Beata Hoque Mainul Berdermann Jens Lyu Haixia Hernández-Pajares Manuel García-Rigo Alberto 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022022 https://doaj.org/article/ac2893d29c774d4fa39a8fdc096449e1 EN eng EDP Sciences https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/full_html/2022/01/swsc210081/swsc210081.html https://doaj.org/toc/2115-7251 2115-7251 doi:10.1051/swsc/2022022 https://doaj.org/article/ac2893d29c774d4fa39a8fdc096449e1 Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol 12, p 23 (2022) ionospheric irregularities eof modeling space weather roti Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022022 2022-12-30T21:23:01Z This paper addresses the long-term climatology (over two solar cycles) of total electron content (TEC) irregularities from a polar cap station (Thule) using the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI). The climatology reveals variabilities over different time scales, i.e., solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations. These variations in different time scales can be explained by different drivers/contributors. The solar activity (represented by the solar radiation index F10.7P) dominates the longest time scale variations. The seasonal variations are controlled by the interplay of the energy input into the polar cap ionosphere and the solar illumination that damps the amplitude of ionospheric irregularities. The diurnal variations (with respect to local time) are controlled by the relative location of the station with respect to the auroral oval. We further decompose the climatology of ionospheric irregularities using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The first four EOFs could reflect the majority (99.49%) of the total data variability. A climatological model of ionospheric irregularities is developed by fitting the EOF coefficients using three geophysical proxies (namely, F10.7P, Bt, and Dst). The data-model comparison shows satisfactory results with a high Pearson correlation coefficient and adequate errors. Additionally, we modeled the historical ROTI during the modern grand maximum dating back to 1965 and made the prediction during solar cycle 25. In such a way, we can directly compare the climatic variations of the ROTI activity across six solar cycles. Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Thule Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Greenland Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12 23 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
ionospheric irregularities eof modeling space weather roti Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
ionospheric irregularities eof modeling space weather roti Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 Jin Yaqi Clausen Lasse B.N. Miloch Wojciech J. Høeg Per Jarmołowski Wojciech Wielgosz Paweł Paziewski Jacek Milanowska Beata Hoque Mainul Berdermann Jens Lyu Haixia Hernández-Pajares Manuel García-Rigo Alberto Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
topic_facet |
ionospheric irregularities eof modeling space weather roti Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
This paper addresses the long-term climatology (over two solar cycles) of total electron content (TEC) irregularities from a polar cap station (Thule) using the rate of change of the TEC index (ROTI). The climatology reveals variabilities over different time scales, i.e., solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations. These variations in different time scales can be explained by different drivers/contributors. The solar activity (represented by the solar radiation index F10.7P) dominates the longest time scale variations. The seasonal variations are controlled by the interplay of the energy input into the polar cap ionosphere and the solar illumination that damps the amplitude of ionospheric irregularities. The diurnal variations (with respect to local time) are controlled by the relative location of the station with respect to the auroral oval. We further decompose the climatology of ionospheric irregularities using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The first four EOFs could reflect the majority (99.49%) of the total data variability. A climatological model of ionospheric irregularities is developed by fitting the EOF coefficients using three geophysical proxies (namely, F10.7P, Bt, and Dst). The data-model comparison shows satisfactory results with a high Pearson correlation coefficient and adequate errors. Additionally, we modeled the historical ROTI during the modern grand maximum dating back to 1965 and made the prediction during solar cycle 25. In such a way, we can directly compare the climatic variations of the ROTI activity across six solar cycles. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jin Yaqi Clausen Lasse B.N. Miloch Wojciech J. Høeg Per Jarmołowski Wojciech Wielgosz Paweł Paziewski Jacek Milanowska Beata Hoque Mainul Berdermann Jens Lyu Haixia Hernández-Pajares Manuel García-Rigo Alberto |
author_facet |
Jin Yaqi Clausen Lasse B.N. Miloch Wojciech J. Høeg Per Jarmołowski Wojciech Wielgosz Paweł Paziewski Jacek Milanowska Beata Hoque Mainul Berdermann Jens Lyu Haixia Hernández-Pajares Manuel García-Rigo Alberto |
author_sort |
Jin Yaqi |
title |
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
title_short |
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
title_full |
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
title_fullStr |
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
title_full_unstemmed |
Climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over Greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
title_sort |
climatology and modeling of ionospheric irregularities over greenland based on empirical orthogonal function method |
publisher |
EDP Sciences |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022022 https://doaj.org/article/ac2893d29c774d4fa39a8fdc096449e1 |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Thule |
genre_facet |
Greenland Thule |
op_source |
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, Vol 12, p 23 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.swsc-journal.org/articles/swsc/full_html/2022/01/swsc210081/swsc210081.html https://doaj.org/toc/2115-7251 2115-7251 doi:10.1051/swsc/2022022 https://doaj.org/article/ac2893d29c774d4fa39a8fdc096449e1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022022 |
container_title |
Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
container_volume |
12 |
container_start_page |
23 |
_version_ |
1766019406437023744 |