Visceral leishmaniasis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: eco-epidemiological aspects and control Leishmaniose visceral no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: aspectos eco-epidemiológicos e controle

• Published in: Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical
• Main Authors: Mauro Celio de Almeida Marzochi, Aline Fagundes, Moacir Vieira de Andrade, Marcos Barbosa de Souza, Maria de Fátima Madeira, Eliame Mouta-Confort, Armando de Oliveira Schubach, Keyla Belizia Feldman Marzochi
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical (SBMT) 2009
• Subjects: Leishmaniose visceral; Eco-epidemiologia; Fatores ambientais; Controle; Rio de Janeiro; Visceral leishmaniasis; Eco-epidemiology; Environmental factors; Control; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822009000500017; https://doaj.org/article/ab59611f51434c4bba4a0bb17a582acb

From 1977 (index case) to 2006, 87 cases of visceral leishmaniasis were confirmed in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in periurban areas on the continental and coastal slopes of the Pedra Branca massif and the continental slopes of the Gericinó massif. The majority (65.5%) of the patients were more than five years old, predominantly males (61.5%), but without any difference between the sexes below the age of 14 years. The overall fatality rate was 10.4%. Two cases of visceral leishmaniasis/human immunodeficiency virus coinfection were detected. Leishmania chagasi was isolated from human and canine cases. The associations between the presence of phlebotomines and human and canine migrations, disorderly occupation involving degradation of environmental preservation areas and poor socioeconomic conditions may have created a favorable setting for the establishment and propagation of the disease. Close epidemiological surveillance associated with traditional control measures and others (active case researches, land clearing and health education), reduced the incidence of human cases from 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1981 to less than 0.01 per 100,000 since 1997. The canine infection rates decreased from 4.6% in 1984 to 1.6% in 2008. Lutzomyia longipalpis was not detected in some locations where human and canine cases occurred. In the years 2007 and 2008, no new human cases were reported, but there is a persistent and worrisome residual canine seroprevalence. Entre 1977 (caso índice) e 2006 foram confirmados 87 casos de leishmaniose visceral no Município do Rio de Janeiro, oriundos de áreas peri-urbanas das vertentes continentais e litorâneas do Maciço da Pedra Branca e das vertentes continentais do Maciço do Gericinó. A maioria (65,5%) dos pacientes tinha mais de 5 anos de idade, prevalecendo o sexo masculino (61,5%), sem diferença de freqüência entre os sexos até os 14 anos. A letalidade foi de 10,4%. Houve dois casos de co-infecção por leishmaniose visceral/vírus da imunodeficiência. Leishmania chagasi ...