Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment
Abstract Background Anti-malarial drugs are an important tool for malaria control and elimination. Alongside their direct benefit in the treatment of disease, drug use has a community-level effect, clearing the reservoir of infection and reducing onward transmission of the parasite. Different compou...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ab3e8c35879b4fb5954c873d4cdc0cbb 2023-05-15T15:16:28+02:00 Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment Michael T. Bretscher Jamie T. Griffin Azra C. Ghani Lucy C. Okell 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 https://doaj.org/article/ab3e8c35879b4fb5954c873d4cdc0cbb EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/ab3e8c35879b4fb5954c873d4cdc0cbb Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017) Mathematical modelling Transmission Treatment Anti-malarial Mass drug administration Primaquine Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 2022-12-31T12:53:15Z Abstract Background Anti-malarial drugs are an important tool for malaria control and elimination. Alongside their direct benefit in the treatment of disease, drug use has a community-level effect, clearing the reservoir of infection and reducing onward transmission of the parasite. Different compounds potentially have different impacts on transmission—with some providing periods of prolonged chemoprophylaxis whilst others have greater transmission-blocking potential. The aim was to quantify the relative benefit of such properties for transmission reduction to inform target product profiles in the drug development process and choice of first-line anti-malarial treatment in different endemic settings. Methods A mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum epidemiology was used to estimate the transmission reduction that can be achieved by using drugs of varying chemoprophylactic (protection for 3, 30 or 60 days) or transmission-blocking activity (blocking 79, 92 or 100% of total onward transmission). Simulations were conducted at low, medium or high transmission intensity (slide-prevalence in 2–10 year olds being 1, 10 or 40%, respectively), with drugs administered either via case management or mass drug administration (MDA). Results Transmission reductions depend strongly on deployment strategy, treatment coverage and endemicity level. Transmission-blocking was most effective at low endemicity, whereas chemoprophylaxis was most useful at high endemicity levels. Increasing the duration of protection as much as possible was beneficial. Increasing transmission-blocking activity from the level of ACT to a 100% transmission-blocking drug (close to the effect estimated for ACT combined with primaquine) produced moderate impact but was not as effective as increasing the duration of protection in medium-to-high transmission settings (slide prevalence 10–40%). Combining both good transmission-blocking activity (e.g. as achieved by ACT or ACT + primaquine) and a long duration of protection (30 days or more, such as ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 16 1 |
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English |
topic |
Mathematical modelling Transmission Treatment Anti-malarial Mass drug administration Primaquine Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Mathematical modelling Transmission Treatment Anti-malarial Mass drug administration Primaquine Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Michael T. Bretscher Jamie T. Griffin Azra C. Ghani Lucy C. Okell Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
topic_facet |
Mathematical modelling Transmission Treatment Anti-malarial Mass drug administration Primaquine Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Anti-malarial drugs are an important tool for malaria control and elimination. Alongside their direct benefit in the treatment of disease, drug use has a community-level effect, clearing the reservoir of infection and reducing onward transmission of the parasite. Different compounds potentially have different impacts on transmission—with some providing periods of prolonged chemoprophylaxis whilst others have greater transmission-blocking potential. The aim was to quantify the relative benefit of such properties for transmission reduction to inform target product profiles in the drug development process and choice of first-line anti-malarial treatment in different endemic settings. Methods A mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum epidemiology was used to estimate the transmission reduction that can be achieved by using drugs of varying chemoprophylactic (protection for 3, 30 or 60 days) or transmission-blocking activity (blocking 79, 92 or 100% of total onward transmission). Simulations were conducted at low, medium or high transmission intensity (slide-prevalence in 2–10 year olds being 1, 10 or 40%, respectively), with drugs administered either via case management or mass drug administration (MDA). Results Transmission reductions depend strongly on deployment strategy, treatment coverage and endemicity level. Transmission-blocking was most effective at low endemicity, whereas chemoprophylaxis was most useful at high endemicity levels. Increasing the duration of protection as much as possible was beneficial. Increasing transmission-blocking activity from the level of ACT to a 100% transmission-blocking drug (close to the effect estimated for ACT combined with primaquine) produced moderate impact but was not as effective as increasing the duration of protection in medium-to-high transmission settings (slide prevalence 10–40%). Combining both good transmission-blocking activity (e.g. as achieved by ACT or ACT + primaquine) and a long duration of protection (30 days or more, such as ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Michael T. Bretscher Jamie T. Griffin Azra C. Ghani Lucy C. Okell |
author_facet |
Michael T. Bretscher Jamie T. Griffin Azra C. Ghani Lucy C. Okell |
author_sort |
Michael T. Bretscher |
title |
Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
title_short |
Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
title_full |
Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
title_fullStr |
Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing Plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
title_sort |
modelling the benefits of long-acting or transmission-blocking drugs for reducing plasmodium falciparum transmission by case management or by mass treatment |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 https://doaj.org/article/ab3e8c35879b4fb5954c873d4cdc0cbb |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/ab3e8c35879b4fb5954c873d4cdc0cbb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1988-4 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
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1 |
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1766346763645485056 |