Destruction of the Ainu Language
Ainu is the only native minority language in Japan during the historical period. Its genetic relations are not known, its grammatical system differs from the systems of the languages of the surrounding peoples. The ethnical origin of Ainu is not well-known either. In the 19th century, native speaker...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ab2613946f9342afb9a659d482cad3e1 2023-05-15T16:59:27+02:00 Destruction of the Ainu Language V. M. Alpatov 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 https://doaj.org/article/ab2613946f9342afb9a659d482cad3e1 RU rus Nauka https://www.yearbookjapan.ru/jour/article/view/375/358 https://doaj.org/toc/2687-1432 https://doaj.org/toc/2687-1440 https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 2687-1432 2687-1440 https://doaj.org/article/ab2613946f9342afb9a659d482cad3e1 Ежегодник Япония, Vol 51, Pp 322-330 (2022) ainu japanese hokkaido sakhalin assimilation extinction History of Asia DS1-937 Political science J article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 2023-02-12T01:31:26Z Ainu is the only native minority language in Japan during the historical period. Its genetic relations are not known, its grammatical system differs from the systems of the languages of the surrounding peoples. The ethnical origin of Ainu is not well-known either. In the 19th century, native speakers of the Ainu language lived in Hokkaido, south Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and south Kamchatka. They were not numerous, but their linguistic situation was stable, and their contacts with other peoples were not significant. Their occupations were hunting and fishing. Since the 19th century, the Sakhalin Ainu and the Kuril Ainu began to move into Hokkaido. The Russian writer A. P. Chekhov visited Sakhalin in 1890 and described the Ainu situation. He wrote that the Ainu were peaceful and gentle people; they could not resist the Japanese expansion. At that time, the Ainu population of Sakhalin was declining; there were two causes thereof: death from starvation and migration to Hokkaido. However, since that time, Hokkaido was occupied by the Japanese people. Ainu lost their territory and did not have equal rights with the Japanese. The Japanese people despised Ainu, using the phonetic semblance of the name of the people (Ainu) and the Japanese word inu, ‘dog’, and considered Ainu a hybrid of people and dogs. The Ainu language had no writing system and only Japanese was taught in the Ainu schools. The Ainu people were in the process of assimilation. After the Second World War, the Japanese and the Ainu were equalized in their rights, but the new reforms did not change the linguistic situation, and the Ainu language became extinct very quickly. The last speaker of Ainu in Sakhalin died in 1975, and the last speaker of Ainu in Hokkaido died about 2000. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kamchatka Sakhalin Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
Russian |
topic |
ainu japanese hokkaido sakhalin assimilation extinction History of Asia DS1-937 Political science J |
spellingShingle |
ainu japanese hokkaido sakhalin assimilation extinction History of Asia DS1-937 Political science J V. M. Alpatov Destruction of the Ainu Language |
topic_facet |
ainu japanese hokkaido sakhalin assimilation extinction History of Asia DS1-937 Political science J |
description |
Ainu is the only native minority language in Japan during the historical period. Its genetic relations are not known, its grammatical system differs from the systems of the languages of the surrounding peoples. The ethnical origin of Ainu is not well-known either. In the 19th century, native speakers of the Ainu language lived in Hokkaido, south Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and south Kamchatka. They were not numerous, but their linguistic situation was stable, and their contacts with other peoples were not significant. Their occupations were hunting and fishing. Since the 19th century, the Sakhalin Ainu and the Kuril Ainu began to move into Hokkaido. The Russian writer A. P. Chekhov visited Sakhalin in 1890 and described the Ainu situation. He wrote that the Ainu were peaceful and gentle people; they could not resist the Japanese expansion. At that time, the Ainu population of Sakhalin was declining; there were two causes thereof: death from starvation and migration to Hokkaido. However, since that time, Hokkaido was occupied by the Japanese people. Ainu lost their territory and did not have equal rights with the Japanese. The Japanese people despised Ainu, using the phonetic semblance of the name of the people (Ainu) and the Japanese word inu, ‘dog’, and considered Ainu a hybrid of people and dogs. The Ainu language had no writing system and only Japanese was taught in the Ainu schools. The Ainu people were in the process of assimilation. After the Second World War, the Japanese and the Ainu were equalized in their rights, but the new reforms did not change the linguistic situation, and the Ainu language became extinct very quickly. The last speaker of Ainu in Sakhalin died in 1975, and the last speaker of Ainu in Hokkaido died about 2000. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
V. M. Alpatov |
author_facet |
V. M. Alpatov |
author_sort |
V. M. Alpatov |
title |
Destruction of the Ainu Language |
title_short |
Destruction of the Ainu Language |
title_full |
Destruction of the Ainu Language |
title_fullStr |
Destruction of the Ainu Language |
title_full_unstemmed |
Destruction of the Ainu Language |
title_sort |
destruction of the ainu language |
publisher |
Nauka |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 https://doaj.org/article/ab2613946f9342afb9a659d482cad3e1 |
genre |
Kamchatka Sakhalin |
genre_facet |
Kamchatka Sakhalin |
op_source |
Ежегодник Япония, Vol 51, Pp 322-330 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.yearbookjapan.ru/jour/article/view/375/358 https://doaj.org/toc/2687-1432 https://doaj.org/toc/2687-1440 https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 2687-1432 2687-1440 https://doaj.org/article/ab2613946f9342afb9a659d482cad3e1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.55105/2687-1440-2022-51-322-330 |
_version_ |
1766051719117012992 |