Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions
At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild reindeer in Russia. The co-existence of these two forms remains a major problem. Reindeer herding has declined while the number of wild reindeer has increased during the last 10 years. The main causes of...
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Septentrio Academic Publishing
2000
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a9a827768d3448338769ce140313cfeb 2023-05-15T15:54:35+02:00 Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions Eugene E. Syroechkovski 2000-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 https://doaj.org/article/a9a827768d3448338769ce140313cfeb EN eng Septentrio Academic Publishing https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/1507 https://doaj.org/toc/1890-6729 doi:10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 1890-6729 https://doaj.org/article/a9a827768d3448338769ce140313cfeb Rangifer, Vol 20, Iss 2-3 (2000) reindeer status Russia Chukchi Even Evenk Animal culture SF1-1100 article 2000 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 2022-12-31T14:55:31Z At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild reindeer in Russia. The co-existence of these two forms remains a major problem. Reindeer herding has declined while the number of wild reindeer has increased during the last 10 years. The main causes of these changes are social and economic. The 1960s and 1970s were characterised by a deliberate attempt to eradicate the nomadic way of life of reindeer herders. It was relatively easy to introduce public (kolkhoz or sovkhoz) reindeer herding in the Nenets, Chukchi and Komi-Izhem areas where large-scale reindeer herding was typical and, as a result, there were almost 1 million reindeer in collectives in the extreme north-eastern part of the USSR. At the same time reindeer herding deteriorated among the Khanty, Mansi, Evenk, Even, Selkup peoples. Perestroika in the 1990s resulted in the formation of a market economy. Collective reindeer herding declined and the number of semi-domesticated reindeer decreased during a period of gradual return to private ownership of reindeer. The largest region of reindeer herding is now the Nenets tegion in the north-west of Russia. Successful sympatric existence of wild and semi-domesticated reindeer is not possible. The Taimyr wild reindeer population numbers about 500-600 000 reindeer. From 1971 to 1981 not less than 700 000 reindeer in this population were shot. Ecological and economic control over them has now been lost. There are approximately 200 000 animals in Yakutia. The number of wild reindeer here has grown following the decline of reindeer husbandry. Yakut and Even reindeer herders believe that the decline has been due to wild reindeer drawing semi-domesticated teindeer away. At present 13 aboriginal peoples in northern Russia engage in reindeer herding. Five former reindeer herding peoples have given up herding but thete are signs of improvement in the situation among those peoples which have retained reindeer herding culture following the gradual restoration of private ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Chukchi Evenk khanty khanty-mansi nenets Rangifer reindeer husbandry Selkup Taimyr Yakutia Mansi Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Rangifer 20 2-3 113 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
reindeer status Russia Chukchi Even Evenk Animal culture SF1-1100 |
spellingShingle |
reindeer status Russia Chukchi Even Evenk Animal culture SF1-1100 Eugene E. Syroechkovski Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
topic_facet |
reindeer status Russia Chukchi Even Evenk Animal culture SF1-1100 |
description |
At present (in 1999) there are approximately 1.5 million semi-domesticated and 1.3 million wild reindeer in Russia. The co-existence of these two forms remains a major problem. Reindeer herding has declined while the number of wild reindeer has increased during the last 10 years. The main causes of these changes are social and economic. The 1960s and 1970s were characterised by a deliberate attempt to eradicate the nomadic way of life of reindeer herders. It was relatively easy to introduce public (kolkhoz or sovkhoz) reindeer herding in the Nenets, Chukchi and Komi-Izhem areas where large-scale reindeer herding was typical and, as a result, there were almost 1 million reindeer in collectives in the extreme north-eastern part of the USSR. At the same time reindeer herding deteriorated among the Khanty, Mansi, Evenk, Even, Selkup peoples. Perestroika in the 1990s resulted in the formation of a market economy. Collective reindeer herding declined and the number of semi-domesticated reindeer decreased during a period of gradual return to private ownership of reindeer. The largest region of reindeer herding is now the Nenets tegion in the north-west of Russia. Successful sympatric existence of wild and semi-domesticated reindeer is not possible. The Taimyr wild reindeer population numbers about 500-600 000 reindeer. From 1971 to 1981 not less than 700 000 reindeer in this population were shot. Ecological and economic control over them has now been lost. There are approximately 200 000 animals in Yakutia. The number of wild reindeer here has grown following the decline of reindeer husbandry. Yakut and Even reindeer herders believe that the decline has been due to wild reindeer drawing semi-domesticated teindeer away. At present 13 aboriginal peoples in northern Russia engage in reindeer herding. Five former reindeer herding peoples have given up herding but thete are signs of improvement in the situation among those peoples which have retained reindeer herding culture following the gradual restoration of private ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eugene E. Syroechkovski |
author_facet |
Eugene E. Syroechkovski |
author_sort |
Eugene E. Syroechkovski |
title |
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
title_short |
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
title_full |
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
title_fullStr |
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in Russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
title_sort |
wild and semi-domesticated reindeer in russia: status, population dynamics and trends under the present social and economic conditions |
publisher |
Septentrio Academic Publishing |
publishDate |
2000 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 https://doaj.org/article/a9a827768d3448338769ce140313cfeb |
genre |
Chukchi Evenk khanty khanty-mansi nenets Rangifer reindeer husbandry Selkup Taimyr Yakutia Mansi |
genre_facet |
Chukchi Evenk khanty khanty-mansi nenets Rangifer reindeer husbandry Selkup Taimyr Yakutia Mansi |
op_source |
Rangifer, Vol 20, Iss 2-3 (2000) |
op_relation |
https://septentrio.uit.no/index.php/rangifer/article/view/1507 https://doaj.org/toc/1890-6729 doi:10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 1890-6729 https://doaj.org/article/a9a827768d3448338769ce140313cfeb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7557/2.20.2-3.1507 |
container_title |
Rangifer |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
2-3 |
container_start_page |
113 |
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1766389819303264256 |