Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study.
Diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. Exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. The objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhe...
Published in: | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 https://doaj.org/article/a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 2023-05-15T15:17:29+02:00 Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. Anne Conan Ciara E O'Reilly Eric Ogola J Benjamin Ochieng Anna J Blackstock Richard Omore Linus Ochieng Fenny Moke Michele B Parsons Lihua Xiao Dawn Roellig Tamer H Farag James P Nataro Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine Eric D Mintz Robert F Breiman Sarah Cleaveland Darryn L Knobel 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 https://doaj.org/article/a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5559092?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 https://doaj.org/article/a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e0005795 (2017) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 2022-12-31T03:36:47Z Diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. Exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. The objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children in rural western Kenya, and to identify the major zoonotic enteric pathogens present in domestic animals residing in the homesteads of case and control children.We characterized animal-related exposures in a subset of case and control children (n = 73 pairs matched on age, sex and location) with reported animal presence at home enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in western Kenya, and analysed these for an association with MSD. We identified potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens in pooled fecal specimens collected from domestic animals resident at children's homesteads. Variables that were associated with decreased risk of MSD were washing hands after animal contact (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 0.2; 95% CI 0.08-0.7), and presence of adult sheep that were not confined in a pen overnight (MOR = 0.1; 0.02-0.5). Variables that were associated with increased risk of MSD were increasing number of sheep owned (MOR = 1.2; 1.0-1.5), frequent observation of fresh rodent excreta (feces/urine) outside the house (MOR = 7.5; 1.5-37.2), and participation of the child in providing water to chickens (MOR = 3.8; 1.2-12.2). Of 691 pooled specimens collected from 2,174 domestic animals, 159 pools (23%) tested positive for one or more potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens (Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella, diarrheagenic E. coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, or rotavirus). We did not find any association between the presence of particular pathogens in household animals, and MSD in children.Public health agencies should continue to promote frequent hand washing, including after animal contact, to reduce the risk of MSD. Future studies should address specific causal relations of MSD with ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 11 8 e0005795 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Anne Conan Ciara E O'Reilly Eric Ogola J Benjamin Ochieng Anna J Blackstock Richard Omore Linus Ochieng Fenny Moke Michele B Parsons Lihua Xiao Dawn Roellig Tamer H Farag James P Nataro Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine Eric D Mintz Robert F Breiman Sarah Cleaveland Darryn L Knobel Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Diarrheal disease remains among the leading causes of global mortality in children younger than 5 years. Exposure to domestic animals may be a risk factor for diarrheal disease. The objectives of this study were to identify animal-related exposures associated with cases of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in children in rural western Kenya, and to identify the major zoonotic enteric pathogens present in domestic animals residing in the homesteads of case and control children.We characterized animal-related exposures in a subset of case and control children (n = 73 pairs matched on age, sex and location) with reported animal presence at home enrolled in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study in western Kenya, and analysed these for an association with MSD. We identified potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens in pooled fecal specimens collected from domestic animals resident at children's homesteads. Variables that were associated with decreased risk of MSD were washing hands after animal contact (matched odds ratio [MOR] = 0.2; 95% CI 0.08-0.7), and presence of adult sheep that were not confined in a pen overnight (MOR = 0.1; 0.02-0.5). Variables that were associated with increased risk of MSD were increasing number of sheep owned (MOR = 1.2; 1.0-1.5), frequent observation of fresh rodent excreta (feces/urine) outside the house (MOR = 7.5; 1.5-37.2), and participation of the child in providing water to chickens (MOR = 3.8; 1.2-12.2). Of 691 pooled specimens collected from 2,174 domestic animals, 159 pools (23%) tested positive for one or more potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens (Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, non-typhoidal Salmonella, diarrheagenic E. coli, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, or rotavirus). We did not find any association between the presence of particular pathogens in household animals, and MSD in children.Public health agencies should continue to promote frequent hand washing, including after animal contact, to reduce the risk of MSD. Future studies should address specific causal relations of MSD with ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Anne Conan Ciara E O'Reilly Eric Ogola J Benjamin Ochieng Anna J Blackstock Richard Omore Linus Ochieng Fenny Moke Michele B Parsons Lihua Xiao Dawn Roellig Tamer H Farag James P Nataro Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine Eric D Mintz Robert F Breiman Sarah Cleaveland Darryn L Knobel |
author_facet |
Anne Conan Ciara E O'Reilly Eric Ogola J Benjamin Ochieng Anna J Blackstock Richard Omore Linus Ochieng Fenny Moke Michele B Parsons Lihua Xiao Dawn Roellig Tamer H Farag James P Nataro Karen L Kotloff Myron M Levine Eric D Mintz Robert F Breiman Sarah Cleaveland Darryn L Knobel |
author_sort |
Anne Conan |
title |
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
title_short |
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
title_full |
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
title_fullStr |
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western Kenya: A matched case-control study. |
title_sort |
animal-related factors associated with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in children younger than five years in western kenya: a matched case-control study. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 https://doaj.org/article/a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 11, Iss 8, p e0005795 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5559092?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 https://doaj.org/article/a993f3b888af4a1d93f949930fd23e63 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005795 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
e0005795 |
_version_ |
1766347722202284032 |