Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric
Land models require evaluation in order to understand results and guide future development. Examining functional relationships between model variables can provide insight into the ability of models to capture fundamental processes and aid in minimizing uncertainties or deficiencies in model forcing....
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a8381f8bc7454326937defd2227de3ce 2023-05-15T18:32:30+02:00 Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric A. G. Slater D. M. Lawrence C. D. Koven 2017-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 https://doaj.org/article/a8381f8bc7454326937defd2227de3ce EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/989/2017/tc-11-989-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 https://doaj.org/article/a8381f8bc7454326937defd2227de3ce The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 989-996 (2017) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 2022-12-30T21:28:33Z Land models require evaluation in order to understand results and guide future development. Examining functional relationships between model variables can provide insight into the ability of models to capture fundamental processes and aid in minimizing uncertainties or deficiencies in model forcing. This study quantifies the proficiency of land models to appropriately transfer heat from the soil through a snowpack to the atmosphere during the cooling season (Northern Hemisphere: October–March). Using the basic physics of heat diffusion, we investigate the relationship between seasonal amplitudes of soil versus air temperatures due to insulation from seasonal snow. Observations demonstrate the anticipated exponential relationship of attenuated soil temperature amplitude with increasing snow depth and indicate that the marginal influence of snow insulation diminishes beyond an <q>effective snow depth</q> of about 50 cm. A snow and heat transfer metric (SHTM) is developed to quantify model skill compared to observations. Land models within the CMIP5 experiment vary widely in SHTM scores, and deficiencies can often be traced to model structural weaknesses. The SHTM value for individual models is stable over 150 years of climate, 1850–2005, indicating that the metric is insensitive to climate forcing and can be used to evaluate each model's representation of the insulation process. Article in Journal/Newspaper The Cryosphere Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Cryosphere 11 2 989 996 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 A. G. Slater D. M. Lawrence C. D. Koven Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
Land models require evaluation in order to understand results and guide future development. Examining functional relationships between model variables can provide insight into the ability of models to capture fundamental processes and aid in minimizing uncertainties or deficiencies in model forcing. This study quantifies the proficiency of land models to appropriately transfer heat from the soil through a snowpack to the atmosphere during the cooling season (Northern Hemisphere: October–March). Using the basic physics of heat diffusion, we investigate the relationship between seasonal amplitudes of soil versus air temperatures due to insulation from seasonal snow. Observations demonstrate the anticipated exponential relationship of attenuated soil temperature amplitude with increasing snow depth and indicate that the marginal influence of snow insulation diminishes beyond an <q>effective snow depth</q> of about 50 cm. A snow and heat transfer metric (SHTM) is developed to quantify model skill compared to observations. Land models within the CMIP5 experiment vary widely in SHTM scores, and deficiencies can often be traced to model structural weaknesses. The SHTM value for individual models is stable over 150 years of climate, 1850–2005, indicating that the metric is insensitive to climate forcing and can be used to evaluate each model's representation of the insulation process. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. G. Slater D. M. Lawrence C. D. Koven |
author_facet |
A. G. Slater D. M. Lawrence C. D. Koven |
author_sort |
A. G. Slater |
title |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
title_short |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
title_full |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
title_fullStr |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
title_full_unstemmed |
Process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
title_sort |
process-level model evaluation: a snow and heat transfer metric |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 https://doaj.org/article/a8381f8bc7454326937defd2227de3ce |
genre |
The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
The Cryosphere |
op_source |
The Cryosphere, Vol 11, Iss 2, Pp 989-996 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://www.the-cryosphere.net/11/989/2017/tc-11-989-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0416 https://doaj.org/toc/1994-0424 1994-0416 1994-0424 doi:10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 https://doaj.org/article/a8381f8bc7454326937defd2227de3ce |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-989-2017 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
989 |
op_container_end_page |
996 |
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1766216612903387136 |