First Insight of Meso- and Bentho-Pelagic Fish Dynamics Around Remote Seamounts in the South Atlantic Ocean

• Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science
• Main Authors: Fabio Campanella, Martin A. Collins, Emma F. Young, Vladimir Laptikhovsky, Paul Whomersley, Jeroen van der Kooij
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
• Subjects: seamount; Tristan da Cunha; Maurolicus; bentho-pelagic fishes; Blue Belt; fisheries acoustics; Science; Q; General. Including nature conservation; geographical distribution; QH1-199.5; Tristan; South Atlantic Ocean
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.663278; https://doaj.org/article/a82ed5c579224b3187cc841555ffb742

Seamounts have long been recognised as hotspots for pelagic productivity and diversity in the world’s open ocean habitats. Recent studies have suggested that productivity may vary greatly between different seamounts, depending on complex interactions between the bathymetric features and local oceanography. These processes may enhance local primary production which support elevated biomass at higher trophic levels. In addition to enhancing local biomass, seamounts may also act as aggregative features, attracting pelagic species from the surrounding waters. Such characteristics make seamounts attractive targets for fisheries. However, as these unique habitats are localised and relatively small, they are vulnerable to overexploitation, which may have detrimental impact on the wider region. Mapping and quantitative assessments of the fish biomass at different seamounts are crucial prerequisites to identifying vulnerable seamounts and will aid toward understanding the dynamics of these important ecosystems and their vulnerability to fishing pressures. We used fisheries acoustics during two expeditions in 2018 and 2019, to investigate the distribution and abundance of fish and micronekton on and around five little studied seamounts of Tristan da Cunha, a remote archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean. The results confirmed increased productivity at the seamounts, compared to the surrounding open ocean with higher acoustic backscatter values, a proxy for biomass, particularly at the shallower (~200 m depth) seamounts. Fish largely dominated the backscatter on most of the seamounts especially over the plateau areas where large densities of prey fish, primarily the mesopelagic Maurolicus inventionis, were detected. Very large aggregations, thought to consist of bentho-pelagic fish, were also observed over the slope of McNish Seamount that resulted in very high biomass estimates. Aggregations of this size and magnitude, have, to our knowledge, never been mapped or quantified on seamounts, using acoustic methods. Specific ...