Molecular Changes in the Brain of the Wintering Calidris pusilla in the Mangroves of the Amazon River Estuary

• Published in: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Main Authors: Patrick Douglas Corrêa Pereira, Ediely Pereira Henrique, Emanuel Ramos da Costa, Anderson de Jesus Falcão, Mauro André Damasceno de Melo, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider, Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano, Daniel Guerreiro Diniz, Nara Gyzely de Morais Magalhães, David Francis Sherry, Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz, Cristovam Guerreiro-Diniz
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2023
• Subjects: brain transcriptome; migratory birds; spring migration; wintering; Calidris pusilla; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Chemistry; QD1-999; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612712; https://doaj.org/article/a57a087762c44a3f812c0419f70c29e2

Migrant birds prepare differently to fly north for breeding in the spring and for the flight to lower latitudes during autumn, avoiding the cold and food shortages of the Northern Hemisphere’s harsh winter. The molecular events associated with these fundamental stages in the life history of migrants include the differential gene expression in different tissues. Semipalmated sandpipers ( Calidris pusilla ) are Arctic-breeding shorebirds that migrate to the coast of South America during the non-breeding season. In a previous study, we demonstrated that between the beginning and the end of the wintering period, substantial glial changes and neurogenesis occur in the brain of C. pusilla . These changes follow the epic journey of the autumn migration when a 5-day non-stop transatlantic flight towards the coast of South America and the subsequent preparation for the long-distance flight of the spring migration takes place. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the differential gene expressions observed in the brains of individuals captured in the autumn and spring windows are consistent with the previously described cellular changes. We searched for differential gene expressions in the brain of the semipalmated sandpiper, of recently arrived birds (RA) from the autumnal migration, and that of individuals in the premigratory period (PM) in the spring. All individuals were collected in the tropical coastal of northern Brazil in the mangrove region of the Amazon River estuary. We generated a de novo neurotranscriptome for C. pusilla individuals and compared the gene expressions across libraries. To that end, we mapped an RNA-Seq that reads to the C. pusilla neurotranscriptome in four brain samples of each group and found that the differential gene expressions in newly arrived and premigratory birds were related with neurogenesis, metabolic pathways (ketone body biosynthetic and the catabolic and lipid biosynthetic processes), and glial changes (astrocyte-dopaminergic neuron signaling, astrocyte differentiation, astrocyte ...