Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia
Abstract Background The first natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular Malaysia. Extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. However, at the turn...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a4cf4b4a0b0d4638aad760a7daceb0b9 2023-05-15T15:13:08+02:00 Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia Jiram Adela I Vythilingam Indra NoorAzian Yusuf M Yusof Yusri M Azahari Abdul H Fong Mun-Yik 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 https://doaj.org/article/a4cf4b4a0b0d4638aad760a7daceb0b9 EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/213 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/a4cf4b4a0b0d4638aad760a7daceb0b9 Malaria Journal, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 213 (2012) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 2022-12-31T07:23:58Z Abstract Background The first natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular Malaysia. Extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. However, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and is life threatening. Thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans and macaques. Methods Monthly mosquito collections were carried out in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia, using human-landing collection and monkey-baited traps at ground and canopy levels. All mosquitoes were identified and all anopheline mosquitoes were dissected and the gut and gland examined for oocysts and sporozoites. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on positive samples, followed by sequencing of the csp gene. Results and discussion Anopheles cracens was the predominant mosquito biting humans as well as the macaques. It comprised 63.2% of the total collection and was the only species positive for sporozoites of P. knowlesi . It was exophagic and did not enter houses. Besides An. cracens , Anopheles kochi was also found in the monkey-bait trap. Both species preferred to bite monkeys at ground level compared to canopy. Conclusion Anopheles cracens, which belongs to the Dirus complex, Leucosphyrus subgroup, Leucosphyrus group of mosquitoes, has been confirmed to be the only vector for this site from Pahang during this study. It was the predominant mosquito at the study sites and with deforestation humans and villages are entering deeper in the forests, and nearer to the mosquitoes and macacques. The close association of humans with macaques and mosquitoes has led to zoonotic transmission of malaria. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 11 1 213 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Jiram Adela I Vythilingam Indra NoorAzian Yusuf M Yusof Yusri M Azahari Abdul H Fong Mun-Yik Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background The first natural infection of Plasmodium knowlesi in humans was recorded in 1965 in peninsular Malaysia. Extensive research was then conducted and it was postulated that it was a rare incident and that simian malaria will not be easily transmitted to humans. However, at the turn of the 21st century, knowlesi malaria was prevalent throughout Southeast Asia and is life threatening. Thus, a longitudinal study was initiated to determine the vectors, their seasonal variation and preference to humans and macaques. Methods Monthly mosquito collections were carried out in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, peninsular Malaysia, using human-landing collection and monkey-baited traps at ground and canopy levels. All mosquitoes were identified and all anopheline mosquitoes were dissected and the gut and gland examined for oocysts and sporozoites. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted on positive samples, followed by sequencing of the csp gene. Results and discussion Anopheles cracens was the predominant mosquito biting humans as well as the macaques. It comprised 63.2% of the total collection and was the only species positive for sporozoites of P. knowlesi . It was exophagic and did not enter houses. Besides An. cracens , Anopheles kochi was also found in the monkey-bait trap. Both species preferred to bite monkeys at ground level compared to canopy. Conclusion Anopheles cracens, which belongs to the Dirus complex, Leucosphyrus subgroup, Leucosphyrus group of mosquitoes, has been confirmed to be the only vector for this site from Pahang during this study. It was the predominant mosquito at the study sites and with deforestation humans and villages are entering deeper in the forests, and nearer to the mosquitoes and macacques. The close association of humans with macaques and mosquitoes has led to zoonotic transmission of malaria. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jiram Adela I Vythilingam Indra NoorAzian Yusuf M Yusof Yusri M Azahari Abdul H Fong Mun-Yik |
author_facet |
Jiram Adela I Vythilingam Indra NoorAzian Yusuf M Yusof Yusri M Azahari Abdul H Fong Mun-Yik |
author_sort |
Jiram Adela I |
title |
Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
title_short |
Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
title_full |
Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
title_fullStr |
Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Entomologic investigation of Plasmodium knowlesi vectors in Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Malaysia |
title_sort |
entomologic investigation of plasmodium knowlesi vectors in kuala lipis, pahang, malaysia |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 https://doaj.org/article/a4cf4b4a0b0d4638aad760a7daceb0b9 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 213 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/213 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/a4cf4b4a0b0d4638aad760a7daceb0b9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-11-213 |
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Malaria Journal |
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11 |
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1 |
container_start_page |
213 |
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1766343724699222016 |