Molecular surveillance of the Pfmdr1 N86Y allele among Congolese pregnant women with asymptomatic malaria

• Published in: Malaria Journal
• Main Authors: Louis Regis Dossou-Yovo, Francine Ntoumi, Felix Koukouikila-Koussounda, Jeannhey Christevy Vouvoungui, Ayodele Adedoja, David Nderu, Thirumalaisamy P. Velavan, Arsène Lenga
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020
• Subjects: Plasmodium falciparum; Pfmdr1; Antimalarial drug resistance; Lumefantrine; Brazzaville; Republic of Congo; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03246-0; https://doaj.org/article/a4ac3c2a27fb40daa4766a8f8ab04d66

Abstract Background Malaria in pregnancy is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Regular surveillance of artemisinin-based combination therapy tolerance, or molecular makers of resistance, is vital for effective malaria treatment, control and eradication programmes. Plasmodium falciparum multiple drug resistance-1 gene (Pfmdr1) N86Y mutation is associated with reduced susceptibility to lumefantrine. This study assessed the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. Methods A total 1001 of P. falciparum-infected blood samples obtained from asymptomatic malaria pregnant women having a normal child delivery at the Madibou Integrated Health Centre were analysed. Pfmdr1 N86Y genotyping was conducted using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The wild type Pfmdr1 N86 allele was predominant (> 68%) in this study, whereas a few isolates carrying the either the mutant allele (Pfmdr1 86Y) alone or both alleles (mixed genotype). The dominance of the wildtype allele (pfmdr1 N86) indicates the plausible decline P. falciparum susceptibility to lumefantrine. Conclusion This study gives an update on the prevalence of Pfmdr1 N86Y alleles in Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. It also raises concern on the imminent emergence of resistance against artemether–lumefantrine in this setting. This study underscores the importance to regular artemether–lumefantrine efficacy monitoring to inform the malaria control programme of the Republic of Congo.