Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent.
BACKGROUND:Among the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis continues to be prevalent in many tropical and subtropical countries despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. This warrants a critical evaluation of such factors as und...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a3602a71cff04ea680d13a19da8f0de6 2023-05-15T15:12:52+02:00 Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. Lovlesh Thakur Kiran K Singh Vinay Shanker Ajeet Negi Aklank Jain Greg Matlashewski Manju Jain 2018-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 https://doaj.org/article/a3602a71cff04ea680d13a19da8f0de6 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6159859?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 https://doaj.org/article/a3602a71cff04ea680d13a19da8f0de6 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e0006659 (2018) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 2022-12-31T01:38:56Z BACKGROUND:Among the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis continues to be prevalent in many tropical and subtropical countries despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. This warrants a critical evaluation of such factors as under-reporting, asymptomatic infections, post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases, and drug resistance. In this review, we highlight lesser-understood atypical presentations of the disease involving atypical parasite strains against a background of classical leishmaniasis with a focus on the Indian subcontinent. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A literature review based on endemic areas, the nature of disease manifestation, and underlying causative parasite was performed with data collected from WHO reports for each country. Searches on PubMed included the term ''leishmaniasis" and "leishmaniasis epidemiology" alone and in combination with each of the endemic countries, Leishmania species, cutaneous, visceral, endemic, non-endemic, typical, classical, atypical, and unusual with no date limit and published in English up to September 2017. Our findings portray a scenario with a wider distribution of the disease in new endemic foci, with new discoveries of parasite-driven atypical disease manifestations in different regions of the world. Unlike the classical picture, some Leishmania species are associated with more than one disease presentation, e.g., the L. donovani complex, generally associated with the visceral form, is now also associated with a cutaneous disease presentation, while L. tropica species complex, known to cause cutaneous disease, can cause viscerotropic disease. This phenomenon points towards the discovery of novel parasite variants as etiologic agents of atypical disease manifestations and represents an excellent opportunity to identify and study genes that control disease virulence and tropism. CONCLUSIONS:The increased recognition of atypical leishmaniasis as an outcome of parasite variants has major ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Azar ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) Indian PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12 9 e0006659 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Lovlesh Thakur Kiran K Singh Vinay Shanker Ajeet Negi Aklank Jain Greg Matlashewski Manju Jain Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Among the neglected tropical diseases, leishmaniasis continues to be prevalent in many tropical and subtropical countries despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. This warrants a critical evaluation of such factors as under-reporting, asymptomatic infections, post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases, and drug resistance. In this review, we highlight lesser-understood atypical presentations of the disease involving atypical parasite strains against a background of classical leishmaniasis with a focus on the Indian subcontinent. METHODS AND FINDINGS:A literature review based on endemic areas, the nature of disease manifestation, and underlying causative parasite was performed with data collected from WHO reports for each country. Searches on PubMed included the term ''leishmaniasis" and "leishmaniasis epidemiology" alone and in combination with each of the endemic countries, Leishmania species, cutaneous, visceral, endemic, non-endemic, typical, classical, atypical, and unusual with no date limit and published in English up to September 2017. Our findings portray a scenario with a wider distribution of the disease in new endemic foci, with new discoveries of parasite-driven atypical disease manifestations in different regions of the world. Unlike the classical picture, some Leishmania species are associated with more than one disease presentation, e.g., the L. donovani complex, generally associated with the visceral form, is now also associated with a cutaneous disease presentation, while L. tropica species complex, known to cause cutaneous disease, can cause viscerotropic disease. This phenomenon points towards the discovery of novel parasite variants as etiologic agents of atypical disease manifestations and represents an excellent opportunity to identify and study genes that control disease virulence and tropism. CONCLUSIONS:The increased recognition of atypical leishmaniasis as an outcome of parasite variants has major ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Lovlesh Thakur Kiran K Singh Vinay Shanker Ajeet Negi Aklank Jain Greg Matlashewski Manju Jain |
author_facet |
Lovlesh Thakur Kiran K Singh Vinay Shanker Ajeet Negi Aklank Jain Greg Matlashewski Manju Jain |
author_sort |
Lovlesh Thakur |
title |
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
title_short |
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
title_full |
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
title_fullStr |
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atypical leishmaniasis: A global perspective with emphasis on the Indian subcontinent. |
title_sort |
atypical leishmaniasis: a global perspective with emphasis on the indian subcontinent. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 https://doaj.org/article/a3602a71cff04ea680d13a19da8f0de6 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) |
geographic |
Arctic Azar Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Azar Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 9, p e0006659 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6159859?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 https://doaj.org/article/a3602a71cff04ea680d13a19da8f0de6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006659 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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12 |
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9 |
container_start_page |
e0006659 |
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1766343500850266112 |