Identification of genomic regions regulating sex determination in Atlantic salmon using high density SNP data

• Published in: BMC Genomics
• Main Authors: María Gabián, Paloma Morán, Ana I. Fernández, Beatriz Villanueva, Amel Chtioui, Matthew P. Kent, Lara Covelo-Soto, Almudena Fernández, María Saura
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2019
• Subjects: Atlantic salmon; GWAS; High-dense SNP chip; Regional heritability analysis; Sex determination; Biotechnology; TP248.13-248.65; Genetics; QH426-470
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-6104-4; https://doaj.org/article/a26fe0688a1643b5b044c3e158acb53e

Abstract Background A complete understanding of the genetic basis for sexual determination and differentiation is necessary in order to implement efficient breeding schemes at early stages of development. Atlantic salmon belongs to the family Salmonidae of fishes and represents a species of great commercial value. Although the species is assumed to be male heterogametic with XY sex determination, the precise genetic basis of sexual development remains unclear. The complexity is likely associated to the relatively recent salmonid specific whole genome duplication that may be responsible for certain genome instability. This instability together with the capacity of the sex-determining gene to move across the genome as reported by previous studies, may explain that sexual development genes are not circumscribed to the same chromosomes in all members of the species. In this study, we have used a 220 K SNP panel developed for Atlantic salmon to identify the chromosomes explaining the highest proportion of the genetic variance for sex as well as candidate regions and genes associated to sexual development in this species. Results Results from regional heritability analysis showed that the chromosomes explaining the highest proportion of variance in these populations were Ssa02 (heritability = 0.42, SE = 0.12) and Ssa21 (heritability = 0.26, SE = 0.11). After pruning by linkage disequilibrium, genome-wide association analyses revealed 114 SNPs that were significantly associated with sex, being Ssa02 the chromosome containing a greatest number of regions. Close examination of the candidate regions evidenced important genes related to sex in other species of Class Actinopterygii, including SDY, genes from family SOX, RSPO1, ESR1, U2AF2A, LMO7, GNRH-R, DND and FIGLA. Conclusions The combined results from regional heritability analysis and genome-wide association have provided new advances in the knowledge of the genetic regulation of sex determination in Atlantic salmon, supporting that Ssa02 is the candidate chromosome ...