Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies
Abstract Background In differentiated gonochoristic species, a bipotential gonad develops into an ovary or testis during sex differentiation. Knowledge about this process is necessary to improve methods for masculinizing genetically female Atlantic cod for the subsequent purpose of producing all-fem...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a26e938077c5464ebaae8d92c984af6a 2023-05-15T15:27:10+02:00 Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies Haugen Trine Almeida Fernanda FL Andersson Eva Bogerd Jan Male Rune Skaar Katrine S Schulz Rüdiger W Sørhus Elin Wijgerde Tim Taranger Geir L 2012-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 https://doaj.org/article/a26e938077c5464ebaae8d92c984af6a EN eng BMC http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/47 https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7827 doi:10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 1477-7827 https://doaj.org/article/a26e938077c5464ebaae8d92c984af6a Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 47 (2012) Atlantic cod Sex differentiation Aromatase cyp19a1a Anti-müllerian hormone amh dax1 shp Masculinization Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 2022-12-31T09:13:24Z Abstract Background In differentiated gonochoristic species, a bipotential gonad develops into an ovary or testis during sex differentiation. Knowledge about this process is necessary to improve methods for masculinizing genetically female Atlantic cod for the subsequent purpose of producing all-female populations. Methods Gonads were examined histologically in juveniles from 14 to 39 mm total body length (TL). Number and size of germ cells were determined in a subset of the samples. Relevant genes were cloned, and mRNA levels determined by qPCR of amh , cyp19a1a dax1 (nr0b2); shp (nr0b2a) and sox9b in a mixed-sex and an all-female population ranging from 12–49 mm TL. Results Individuals between 14–20 mm TL could be separated in two subgroups based on gonad size and germ cell number. Ovarian cavity formation was observed in some individuals from 18–20 mm TL. The mixed sex population displayed bimodal expression patterns as regards cyp19a1a (starting at 12 mm TL) and amh (starting at 20 mm TL) mRNA levels. After approximately 30 mm TL, cyp19a1a and a mh displayed a gradual increase in both sexes. No apparent, sex-dependent expression patterns were found for dax1 , shp or sox9b transcripts. However, shp levels were high until the larvae reached around 35 mm TL and then dropped to low levels, while dax1 remained low until 35 mm TL, and then increased sharply. Conclusions The morphological sex differentiation in females commenced between 14–20 mm TL, and ovarian cavities were evident by 18–20 mm TL. Testis development occurred later, and was morphologically evident after 30 mm TL. This pattern was corroborated with sexually dimorphic expression patterns of cyp19a1a from 12–13 mm TL, and a male-specific increase in amh from 20 mm TL. Article in Journal/Newspaper atlantic cod Gadus morhua Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 10 1 47 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic cod Sex differentiation Aromatase cyp19a1a Anti-müllerian hormone amh dax1 shp Masculinization Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic cod Sex differentiation Aromatase cyp19a1a Anti-müllerian hormone amh dax1 shp Masculinization Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489 Haugen Trine Almeida Fernanda FL Andersson Eva Bogerd Jan Male Rune Skaar Katrine S Schulz Rüdiger W Sørhus Elin Wijgerde Tim Taranger Geir L Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
topic_facet |
Atlantic cod Sex differentiation Aromatase cyp19a1a Anti-müllerian hormone amh dax1 shp Masculinization Gynecology and obstetrics RG1-991 Reproduction QH471-489 |
description |
Abstract Background In differentiated gonochoristic species, a bipotential gonad develops into an ovary or testis during sex differentiation. Knowledge about this process is necessary to improve methods for masculinizing genetically female Atlantic cod for the subsequent purpose of producing all-female populations. Methods Gonads were examined histologically in juveniles from 14 to 39 mm total body length (TL). Number and size of germ cells were determined in a subset of the samples. Relevant genes were cloned, and mRNA levels determined by qPCR of amh , cyp19a1a dax1 (nr0b2); shp (nr0b2a) and sox9b in a mixed-sex and an all-female population ranging from 12–49 mm TL. Results Individuals between 14–20 mm TL could be separated in two subgroups based on gonad size and germ cell number. Ovarian cavity formation was observed in some individuals from 18–20 mm TL. The mixed sex population displayed bimodal expression patterns as regards cyp19a1a (starting at 12 mm TL) and amh (starting at 20 mm TL) mRNA levels. After approximately 30 mm TL, cyp19a1a and a mh displayed a gradual increase in both sexes. No apparent, sex-dependent expression patterns were found for dax1 , shp or sox9b transcripts. However, shp levels were high until the larvae reached around 35 mm TL and then dropped to low levels, while dax1 remained low until 35 mm TL, and then increased sharply. Conclusions The morphological sex differentiation in females commenced between 14–20 mm TL, and ovarian cavities were evident by 18–20 mm TL. Testis development occurred later, and was morphologically evident after 30 mm TL. This pattern was corroborated with sexually dimorphic expression patterns of cyp19a1a from 12–13 mm TL, and a male-specific increase in amh from 20 mm TL. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Haugen Trine Almeida Fernanda FL Andersson Eva Bogerd Jan Male Rune Skaar Katrine S Schulz Rüdiger W Sørhus Elin Wijgerde Tim Taranger Geir L |
author_facet |
Haugen Trine Almeida Fernanda FL Andersson Eva Bogerd Jan Male Rune Skaar Katrine S Schulz Rüdiger W Sørhus Elin Wijgerde Tim Taranger Geir L |
author_sort |
Haugen Trine |
title |
Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
title_short |
Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
title_full |
Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
title_fullStr |
Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex differentiation in Atlantic cod ( Gadus morhua L . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
title_sort |
sex differentiation in atlantic cod ( gadus morhua l . ): morphological and gene expression studies |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 https://doaj.org/article/a26e938077c5464ebaae8d92c984af6a |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_source |
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, Vol 10, Iss 1, p 47 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.rbej.com/content/10/1/47 https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7827 doi:10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 1477-7827 https://doaj.org/article/a26e938077c5464ebaae8d92c984af6a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7827-10-47 |
container_title |
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
47 |
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1766357621963489280 |