Megalocytiviruses in ornamental fish: A review

• Published in: Veterinary World
• Main Authors: Che Azarulzaman Che Johan, Sandra Catherine Zainathan
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Veterinary World 2020
• Subjects: clinical signs; detection; megalocytivirus; ornamental fish; risk factors; Animal culture; SF1-1100; Veterinary medicine; SF600-1100; Turbot
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2565-2577; https://doaj.org/article/a2290f80153047318a279b47324403fe

Iridoviruses, especially megalocytiviruses, are related to severe disease resulting in high economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. The ornamental fish industry has been affected severely due to Megalocytivirus infections. Megalocytivirus is a DNA virus that has three genera; including red sea bream iridovirus, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, and turbot reddish body iridovirus. Megalocytivirus causes non-specific clinical signs in ornamental fish. Cell culture, histology, immunofluorescence test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay have been used to diagnose megalocytiviruses. Risk factors such as temperature, transportation (export and import), and life stages of ornamental fish have been reported for the previous cases due to Megalocytivirus infections. In addition, other prevention and control methods also have been practiced in farms to prevent Megalocytivirus outbreaks. This is the first review of megalocytiviruses in ornamental fish since its first detection in 1989. This review discusses the occurrences of Megalocytivirus in ornamental fish, including the history, clinical signs, detection method, risk factors, and prevention measures.