Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND:After approximately 5 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement) interventions for trachoma, hyperendemic (trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) ≥30%) districts remained in Amhara, Ethiopia. This study's aim was to characterize the epidemi...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/article/a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc 2023-05-15T15:09:39+02:00 Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Scott D Nash Ambahun Chernet Jeanne Moncada Aisha E P Stewart Tigist Astale Eshetu Sata Mulat Zerihun Demelash Gessese Berhanu Melak Gedefaw Ayenew Zebene Ayele Melsew Chanyalew Thomas M Lietman E Kelly Callahan Julius Schachter Zerihun Tadesse 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/article/a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/article/a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0008226 (2020) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 2022-12-31T13:48:02Z BACKGROUND:After approximately 5 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement) interventions for trachoma, hyperendemic (trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) ≥30%) districts remained in Amhara, Ethiopia. This study's aim was to characterize the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and load among pre-school aged children living under the SAFE strategy. METHODS:Conjunctival swabs from a population-based sample of children aged 1-5 years collected between 2011 and 2015 were assayed to provide Ct infection data from 4 endemic zones (comprised of 58 districts). Ct load was determined using a calibration curve. Children were graded for TF and trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI). RESULTS:7,441 children were swabbed in 4 zones. TF and TI prevalence were 39.9% (95% confidence Interval [CI]: 37.5%, 42.4%), and 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1%, 10.3%) respectively. Ct infection prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 5.0%, 7.2%). Infection was highest among children aged 2 to 4 years (6.6%-7.0%). Approximately 10% of infection occurred among children aged 1 year. Ct load decreased with age (P = 0.002), with the highest loads observed in children aged 1 year (P = 0.01) vs. aged 5 years. Participants with TF (P = 0.20) and TI (P<0.01) had loads greater than individuals without active trachoma. CONCLUSIONS:In this hyperendemic setting, it appears that the youngest children may contribute in meaningful ways towards persistent active trachoma. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14 5 e0008226 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Scott D Nash Ambahun Chernet Jeanne Moncada Aisha E P Stewart Tigist Astale Eshetu Sata Mulat Zerihun Demelash Gessese Berhanu Melak Gedefaw Ayenew Zebene Ayele Melsew Chanyalew Thomas M Lietman E Kelly Callahan Julius Schachter Zerihun Tadesse Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:After approximately 5 years of SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement) interventions for trachoma, hyperendemic (trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) ≥30%) districts remained in Amhara, Ethiopia. This study's aim was to characterize the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and load among pre-school aged children living under the SAFE strategy. METHODS:Conjunctival swabs from a population-based sample of children aged 1-5 years collected between 2011 and 2015 were assayed to provide Ct infection data from 4 endemic zones (comprised of 58 districts). Ct load was determined using a calibration curve. Children were graded for TF and trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI). RESULTS:7,441 children were swabbed in 4 zones. TF and TI prevalence were 39.9% (95% confidence Interval [CI]: 37.5%, 42.4%), and 9.2% (95% CI: 8.1%, 10.3%) respectively. Ct infection prevalence was 6.0% (95% CI: 5.0%, 7.2%). Infection was highest among children aged 2 to 4 years (6.6%-7.0%). Approximately 10% of infection occurred among children aged 1 year. Ct load decreased with age (P = 0.002), with the highest loads observed in children aged 1 year (P = 0.01) vs. aged 5 years. Participants with TF (P = 0.20) and TI (P<0.01) had loads greater than individuals without active trachoma. CONCLUSIONS:In this hyperendemic setting, it appears that the youngest children may contribute in meaningful ways towards persistent active trachoma. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Scott D Nash Ambahun Chernet Jeanne Moncada Aisha E P Stewart Tigist Astale Eshetu Sata Mulat Zerihun Demelash Gessese Berhanu Melak Gedefaw Ayenew Zebene Ayele Melsew Chanyalew Thomas M Lietman E Kelly Callahan Julius Schachter Zerihun Tadesse |
author_facet |
Scott D Nash Ambahun Chernet Jeanne Moncada Aisha E P Stewart Tigist Astale Eshetu Sata Mulat Zerihun Demelash Gessese Berhanu Melak Gedefaw Ayenew Zebene Ayele Melsew Chanyalew Thomas M Lietman E Kelly Callahan Julius Schachter Zerihun Tadesse |
author_sort |
Scott D Nash |
title |
Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
title_short |
Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
title_full |
Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
title_fullStr |
Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the SAFE strategy, Amhara region, Ethiopia. |
title_sort |
ocular chlamydia trachomatis infection and infectious load among pre-school aged children within trachoma hyperendemic districts receiving the safe strategy, amhara region, ethiopia. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/article/a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0008226 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 https://doaj.org/article/a1db9785d3e14dd58f8017b3132467cc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008226 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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14 |
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5 |
container_start_page |
e0008226 |
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1766340798093197312 |