What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms?
Antivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentratio...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:a0e4d6351cda4a24932f781ab8642a08 2023-05-15T15:07:16+02:00 What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? MA Abd-Elsalam N Abdoon MS Al-Ahaidib 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 https://doaj.org/article/a0e4d6351cda4a24932f781ab8642a08 EN eng SciELO http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003 https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 doi:10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 1678-9199 https://doaj.org/article/a0e4d6351cda4a24932f781ab8642a08 Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 12-22 (2011) antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 2022-12-30T23:05:02Z Antivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentration that ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 g%. Decreasing the concentration of m-cresol to its minimal effective level may protect victims from its toxic effects and keep the antivenom stable during its shelf life without forming any aggregates. In the present work, different concentrations of m-cresol, ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 g%, were used with some selected batches of snake and scorpion antivenoms. A low concentration of 0.15 g% showed an acceptable preserving result that complies perfectly with antimicrobial specifications stated by the British Pharmacopoeia. Tested antivenoms (in 12 batches), when kept in a cold room for 39 months (more than their shelf life), retained their physical, chemical and microbiological activities according to the specifications of pharmacopeias. The present data demonstrated that reduction of m-cresol concentration to 0.15 g% in case of equine F(ab')2 antivenoms will improve safety of such preparations and preserve their stability during their shelf life. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases 17 1 12 22 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 MA Abd-Elsalam N Abdoon MS Al-Ahaidib What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
topic_facet |
antivenoms preservative m-cresol stability Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Toxicology. Poisons RA1190-1270 Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Antivenoms against snake and scorpion envenomations are usually equine in nature and composed mostly of F(ab')2; additionally, phenol and m-cresol are mainly employed for their preservation. Although there is no study on this subject, m-cresol is utilized by most manufacturers in a concentration that ranges from 0.15 to 0.35 g%. Decreasing the concentration of m-cresol to its minimal effective level may protect victims from its toxic effects and keep the antivenom stable during its shelf life without forming any aggregates. In the present work, different concentrations of m-cresol, ranging from 0.1 to 0.35 g%, were used with some selected batches of snake and scorpion antivenoms. A low concentration of 0.15 g% showed an acceptable preserving result that complies perfectly with antimicrobial specifications stated by the British Pharmacopoeia. Tested antivenoms (in 12 batches), when kept in a cold room for 39 months (more than their shelf life), retained their physical, chemical and microbiological activities according to the specifications of pharmacopeias. The present data demonstrated that reduction of m-cresol concentration to 0.15 g% in case of equine F(ab')2 antivenoms will improve safety of such preparations and preserve their stability during their shelf life. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
MA Abd-Elsalam N Abdoon MS Al-Ahaidib |
author_facet |
MA Abd-Elsalam N Abdoon MS Al-Ahaidib |
author_sort |
MA Abd-Elsalam |
title |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_short |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_full |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_fullStr |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_full_unstemmed |
What is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
title_sort |
what is the optimum concentration of m-cresol in antivenoms? |
publisher |
SciELO |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 https://doaj.org/article/a0e4d6351cda4a24932f781ab8642a08 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 12-22 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992011000100003 https://doaj.org/toc/1678-9199 doi:10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 1678-9199 https://doaj.org/article/a0e4d6351cda4a24932f781ab8642a08 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-91992011000100003 |
container_title |
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
17 |
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12 |
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22 |
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