Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016)
This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent,...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 https://doaj.org/article/9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a 2023-05-15T14:58:40+02:00 Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 https://doaj.org/article/9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/23 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w11010023 https://doaj.org/article/9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a Water, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 23 (2018) total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 2022-12-31T02:07:15Z This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent, multiyear ice area, and the variability of sea ice concentration in different ranges. The results show that the total sea ice area decreased by 0.0453 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.55%/year) between 1979 and 2016, and the variability of the sea ice area from 1997 to 2016 is significantly larger than that from 1979 to 1996. The first-year ice extent increased by 0.0199 × 106 km2·year−1 (0.36%/year) from 1997 to 2016. The multiyear ice area decreased by 0.0711 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.66%/year) from 1979 to 2016, of which in the last 20 years is about 30.8% less than in 1979–1996. In terms of concentration, we have focused on comparing 1979–1996 and 1997–2016 in different ranges. Sea ice concentration between 0.9–1 accounted for about 39.57% from 1979 to 1996, while from 1997–2016, it accounted for only 27.75%. However, the sea ice of concentration between 0.15–0.4 exhibits no significant trend changes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Water 11 1 23 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
spellingShingle |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
topic_facet |
total sea ice area first year sea ice area multi-year ice area sea ice concentration Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 |
description |
This study is based on the daily sea ice concentration data from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA) from 1979 to 2016. The Arctic sea ice is analyzed from the total sea ice area, first year ice extent, multiyear ice area, and the variability of sea ice concentration in different ranges. The results show that the total sea ice area decreased by 0.0453 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.55%/year) between 1979 and 2016, and the variability of the sea ice area from 1997 to 2016 is significantly larger than that from 1979 to 1996. The first-year ice extent increased by 0.0199 × 106 km2·year−1 (0.36%/year) from 1997 to 2016. The multiyear ice area decreased by 0.0711 × 106 km2·year−1 (−0.66%/year) from 1979 to 2016, of which in the last 20 years is about 30.8% less than in 1979–1996. In terms of concentration, we have focused on comparing 1979–1996 and 1997–2016 in different ranges. Sea ice concentration between 0.9–1 accounted for about 39.57% from 1979 to 1996, while from 1997–2016, it accounted for only 27.75%. However, the sea ice of concentration between 0.15–0.4 exhibits no significant trend changes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang |
author_facet |
Zhankai Wu Xingdong Wang |
author_sort |
Zhankai Wu |
title |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_short |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_full |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_fullStr |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variability of Arctic Sea Ice (1979–2016) |
title_sort |
variability of arctic sea ice (1979–2016) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 https://doaj.org/article/9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic National Snow and Ice Data Center Sea ice |
op_source |
Water, Vol 11, Iss 1, p 23 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/11/1/23 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 2073-4441 doi:10.3390/w11010023 https://doaj.org/article/9fa50fa9cfd548daa555efa9fed7f35a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010023 |
container_title |
Water |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
23 |
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1766330788202151936 |