Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics.
BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites. Intervention relies on identifying high-risk regions, yet rapid Schistosoma diagnostics (Kato-Katz stool assays (KK) and circulating cathodic antigen urine assays (CCA)) yield different prevalence estimates....
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/article/9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a 2023-05-15T15:16:24+02:00 Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. Nicholas J Clark Irenee Umulisa Eugene Ruberanziza Kei Owada Daniel G Colley Giuseppina Ortu Carl H Campbell Emmanuel Ruzindana Warren Lancaster Jean Bosco Mbonigaba Aimable Mbituyumuremyi Alan Fenwick Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Innocent Turate 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/article/9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/article/9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 9, p e0007723 (2019) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 2022-12-31T11:51:07Z BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites. Intervention relies on identifying high-risk regions, yet rapid Schistosoma diagnostics (Kato-Katz stool assays (KK) and circulating cathodic antigen urine assays (CCA)) yield different prevalence estimates. We mapped S. mansoni prevalence and delineated at-risk regions using a survey of schoolchildren in Rwanda, where S. mansoni is an endemic parasite. We asked if different diagnostics resulted in disparities in projected infection risk. METHODS:Infection data was obtained from a 2014 Rwandan school-based survey that used KK and CCA diagnostics. Across 386 schools screened by CCA (N = 19,217). To allow for uncertainty when interpreting ambiguous CCA trace readings, which accounted for 28.8% of total test results, we generated two presence-absence datasets: CCA trace as positive and CCA trace as negative. Samples (N = 9,175) from 185 schools were also screened by KK. We included land surface temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation and Normalized Difference Water Indices (NDVI, NDWI) as predictors in geostatistical regressions. FINDINGS:Across 8,647 children tested by both methods, prevalence was 35.93% for CCA trace as positive, 7.21% for CCA trace as negative and 1.95% for KK. LST was identified as a risk factor using KK, whereas NDVI was a risk factor for CCA models. Models predicted high endemicity in Northern and Western regions of Rwanda, though the CCA trace as positive model identified additional high-risk areas that were overlooked by the other methods. Estimates of current burden for children at highest risk (boys aged 5-9 years) varied by an order of magnitude, with 671,856 boys projected to be infected by CCA trace as positive and only 60,453 projected by CCA trace as negative results. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings show that people in Rwanda's Northern, Western and capital regions are at high risk of S. mansoni infection. However, variation in identification of environmental risk factors and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13 9 e0007723 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Nicholas J Clark Irenee Umulisa Eugene Ruberanziza Kei Owada Daniel G Colley Giuseppina Ortu Carl H Campbell Emmanuel Ruzindana Warren Lancaster Jean Bosco Mbonigaba Aimable Mbituyumuremyi Alan Fenwick Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Innocent Turate Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites. Intervention relies on identifying high-risk regions, yet rapid Schistosoma diagnostics (Kato-Katz stool assays (KK) and circulating cathodic antigen urine assays (CCA)) yield different prevalence estimates. We mapped S. mansoni prevalence and delineated at-risk regions using a survey of schoolchildren in Rwanda, where S. mansoni is an endemic parasite. We asked if different diagnostics resulted in disparities in projected infection risk. METHODS:Infection data was obtained from a 2014 Rwandan school-based survey that used KK and CCA diagnostics. Across 386 schools screened by CCA (N = 19,217). To allow for uncertainty when interpreting ambiguous CCA trace readings, which accounted for 28.8% of total test results, we generated two presence-absence datasets: CCA trace as positive and CCA trace as negative. Samples (N = 9,175) from 185 schools were also screened by KK. We included land surface temperature (LST) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation and Normalized Difference Water Indices (NDVI, NDWI) as predictors in geostatistical regressions. FINDINGS:Across 8,647 children tested by both methods, prevalence was 35.93% for CCA trace as positive, 7.21% for CCA trace as negative and 1.95% for KK. LST was identified as a risk factor using KK, whereas NDVI was a risk factor for CCA models. Models predicted high endemicity in Northern and Western regions of Rwanda, though the CCA trace as positive model identified additional high-risk areas that were overlooked by the other methods. Estimates of current burden for children at highest risk (boys aged 5-9 years) varied by an order of magnitude, with 671,856 boys projected to be infected by CCA trace as positive and only 60,453 projected by CCA trace as negative results. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings show that people in Rwanda's Northern, Western and capital regions are at high risk of S. mansoni infection. However, variation in identification of environmental risk factors and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nicholas J Clark Irenee Umulisa Eugene Ruberanziza Kei Owada Daniel G Colley Giuseppina Ortu Carl H Campbell Emmanuel Ruzindana Warren Lancaster Jean Bosco Mbonigaba Aimable Mbituyumuremyi Alan Fenwick Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Innocent Turate |
author_facet |
Nicholas J Clark Irenee Umulisa Eugene Ruberanziza Kei Owada Daniel G Colley Giuseppina Ortu Carl H Campbell Emmanuel Ruzindana Warren Lancaster Jean Bosco Mbonigaba Aimable Mbituyumuremyi Alan Fenwick Ricardo J Soares Magalhaes Innocent Turate |
author_sort |
Nicholas J Clark |
title |
Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
title_short |
Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
title_full |
Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
title_fullStr |
Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mapping Schistosoma mansoni endemicity in Rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus Kato-Katz diagnostics. |
title_sort |
mapping schistosoma mansoni endemicity in rwanda: a critical assessment of geographical disparities arising from circulating cathodic antigen versus kato-katz diagnostics. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/article/9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 9, p e0007723 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 https://doaj.org/article/9be462fd904a439b9264c7d8848b8f8a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007723 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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13 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
e0007723 |
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