Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems.
Nowadays, opportunistic small predators, such as foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Vulpes lagopus), are well known to be very adaptable to human modified ecosystems. However, the timing of the start of this phenomenon in terms of human impact on ecosystems and of the implications for foxes has hardly been st...
Published in: | PLOS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/article/9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d 2023-05-15T18:42:59+02:00 Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. Chris Baumann Hervé Bocherens Dorothée G Drucker Nicholas J Conard 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/article/9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/article/9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0235692 (2020) Medicine R Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 2022-12-31T11:36:47Z Nowadays, opportunistic small predators, such as foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Vulpes lagopus), are well known to be very adaptable to human modified ecosystems. However, the timing of the start of this phenomenon in terms of human impact on ecosystems and of the implications for foxes has hardly been studied. We hypothesize that foxes can be used as an indicator of past human impact on ecosystems, as a reflection of population densities and consequently to track back the influence of humans on the Pleistocene environment. To test this hypothesis, we used stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of bone collagen extracted from faunal remains from several archaeological sites located in the Swabian Jura (southwest Germany) and covering a time range over three important cultural periods, namely the Middle Palaeolithic (older than 42,000 years ago) attributed to Neanderthals, and the early Upper Palaeolithic periods Aurignacian and Gravettian (42,000 to 30,000 years ago) attributed to modern humans. We then ran Bayesian statistic systems (SIBER, mixSIAR) to reconstruct the trophic niches and diets of Pleistocene foxes. We observed that during the Middle Palaeolithic period, when Neanderthals sparsely populated the Swabian Jura, the niches occupied by foxes suggest a natural trophic behavior. In contrast, during the early Upper Palaeolithic periods, a new trophic fox niche appeared, characterized by a restricted diet on reindeer. This trophic niche could be due to the consumption of human subsidies related to a higher human population density and the resulting higher impact on the Pleistocene environment by modern humans compared to Neanderthals. Furthermore, our study suggests that, a synanthropic commensal behavior of foxes started already in the Aurignacian, around 42,000 years ago. Article in Journal/Newspaper Vulpes lagopus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Jura ENVELOPE(13.501,13.501,68.062,68.062) PLOS ONE 15 7 e0235692 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Chris Baumann Hervé Bocherens Dorothée G Drucker Nicholas J Conard Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Nowadays, opportunistic small predators, such as foxes (Vulpes vulpes and Vulpes lagopus), are well known to be very adaptable to human modified ecosystems. However, the timing of the start of this phenomenon in terms of human impact on ecosystems and of the implications for foxes has hardly been studied. We hypothesize that foxes can be used as an indicator of past human impact on ecosystems, as a reflection of population densities and consequently to track back the influence of humans on the Pleistocene environment. To test this hypothesis, we used stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of bone collagen extracted from faunal remains from several archaeological sites located in the Swabian Jura (southwest Germany) and covering a time range over three important cultural periods, namely the Middle Palaeolithic (older than 42,000 years ago) attributed to Neanderthals, and the early Upper Palaeolithic periods Aurignacian and Gravettian (42,000 to 30,000 years ago) attributed to modern humans. We then ran Bayesian statistic systems (SIBER, mixSIAR) to reconstruct the trophic niches and diets of Pleistocene foxes. We observed that during the Middle Palaeolithic period, when Neanderthals sparsely populated the Swabian Jura, the niches occupied by foxes suggest a natural trophic behavior. In contrast, during the early Upper Palaeolithic periods, a new trophic fox niche appeared, characterized by a restricted diet on reindeer. This trophic niche could be due to the consumption of human subsidies related to a higher human population density and the resulting higher impact on the Pleistocene environment by modern humans compared to Neanderthals. Furthermore, our study suggests that, a synanthropic commensal behavior of foxes started already in the Aurignacian, around 42,000 years ago. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Chris Baumann Hervé Bocherens Dorothée G Drucker Nicholas J Conard |
author_facet |
Chris Baumann Hervé Bocherens Dorothée G Drucker Nicholas J Conard |
author_sort |
Chris Baumann |
title |
Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
title_short |
Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
title_full |
Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
title_fullStr |
Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. |
title_sort |
fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on pleistocene ecosystems. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/article/9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(13.501,13.501,68.062,68.062) |
geographic |
Jura |
geographic_facet |
Jura |
genre |
Vulpes lagopus |
genre_facet |
Vulpes lagopus |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0235692 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 https://doaj.org/article/9b6dc671fff9475480ebcbfcc96b172d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235692 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e0235692 |
_version_ |
1766232749612466176 |