Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance
The Southern Ocean is responsible for approximately 40% of oceanic carbon uptake through biological and physical processes. In the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton growth is limited by low iron (Fe) and light supply. Climate model projections for the Southern Ocean indicate that temperature, underwater...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9b4d84a3123c48e18df63e6aeb8d8671 2023-05-15T14:06:39+02:00 Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance Sarah M. Andrew Hugh T. Morell Robert F. Strzepek Philip W. Boyd Michael J. Ellwood 2019-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 https://doaj.org/article/9b4d84a3123c48e18df63e6aeb8d8671 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 https://doaj.org/article/9b4d84a3123c48e18df63e6aeb8d8671 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2019) temperature climate change photosynthesis evolution multiple stressors carbon Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 2022-12-31T14:49:01Z The Southern Ocean is responsible for approximately 40% of oceanic carbon uptake through biological and physical processes. In the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton growth is limited by low iron (Fe) and light supply. Climate model projections for the Southern Ocean indicate that temperature, underwater irradiance and Fe supply are likely to change simultaneously in the future due to increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The individual effects of these environmental properties on phytoplankton physiology have been extensively researched, and culturing studies using Southern Ocean phytoplankton have shown that temperature and Fe will play a key role on setting growth under future conditions. To explore the potential responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to these environmental changes, we cultured the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica and the diatoms Chaetoceros flexuosus, Proboscia inermis, and Thalassiosira antarctica under two light and iron combinations and over a range of temperatures. Our study revealed that the thermal response curves of key Southern Ocean phytoplankton are diverse, with the highest growth rates measured at 5°C (the annual temperature range at the isolation sites is currently 1–4°C). Warming had species-specific effects on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII), carbon:nitrogen ratio and cellular Chlorophyll a concentrations. Iron availability increased species’ ability to tolerate warmer conditions by increasing the upper limit for growth and subsequently increasing the thermal niche that each species inhabit. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Southern Ocean Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
temperature climate change photosynthesis evolution multiple stressors carbon Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
temperature climate change photosynthesis evolution multiple stressors carbon Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Sarah M. Andrew Hugh T. Morell Robert F. Strzepek Philip W. Boyd Michael J. Ellwood Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
topic_facet |
temperature climate change photosynthesis evolution multiple stressors carbon Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The Southern Ocean is responsible for approximately 40% of oceanic carbon uptake through biological and physical processes. In the Southern Ocean, phytoplankton growth is limited by low iron (Fe) and light supply. Climate model projections for the Southern Ocean indicate that temperature, underwater irradiance and Fe supply are likely to change simultaneously in the future due to increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The individual effects of these environmental properties on phytoplankton physiology have been extensively researched, and culturing studies using Southern Ocean phytoplankton have shown that temperature and Fe will play a key role on setting growth under future conditions. To explore the potential responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to these environmental changes, we cultured the haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica and the diatoms Chaetoceros flexuosus, Proboscia inermis, and Thalassiosira antarctica under two light and iron combinations and over a range of temperatures. Our study revealed that the thermal response curves of key Southern Ocean phytoplankton are diverse, with the highest growth rates measured at 5°C (the annual temperature range at the isolation sites is currently 1–4°C). Warming had species-specific effects on the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII; Fv/Fm), the functional absorption cross-section of PSII (σPSII), carbon:nitrogen ratio and cellular Chlorophyll a concentrations. Iron availability increased species’ ability to tolerate warmer conditions by increasing the upper limit for growth and subsequently increasing the thermal niche that each species inhabit. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sarah M. Andrew Hugh T. Morell Robert F. Strzepek Philip W. Boyd Michael J. Ellwood |
author_facet |
Sarah M. Andrew Hugh T. Morell Robert F. Strzepek Philip W. Boyd Michael J. Ellwood |
author_sort |
Sarah M. Andrew |
title |
Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
title_short |
Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
title_full |
Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
title_fullStr |
Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iron Availability Influences the Tolerance of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton to Warming and Elevated Irradiance |
title_sort |
iron availability influences the tolerance of southern ocean phytoplankton to warming and elevated irradiance |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 https://doaj.org/article/9b4d84a3123c48e18df63e6aeb8d8671 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 https://doaj.org/article/9b4d84a3123c48e18df63e6aeb8d8671 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00681 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766278649818906624 |