Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models
It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks fro...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 https://doaj.org/article/9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d 2023-05-15T15:17:20+02:00 Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models S. E. Chadburn G. Krinner P. Porada A. Bartsch C. Beer L. Belelli Marchesini J. Boike A. Ekici B. Elberling T. Friborg G. Hugelius M. Johansson P. Kuhry L. Kutzbach M. Langer M. Lund F.-J. W. Parmentier S. Peng K. Van Huissteden T. Wang S. Westermann D. Zhu E. J. Burke 2017-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 https://doaj.org/article/9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.biogeosciences.net/14/5143/2017/bg-14-5143-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d Biogeosciences, Vol 14, Pp 5143-5169 (2017) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 2023-01-08T01:37:29Z It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks from northward expansion of vegetation under climate warming. Here we evaluate the simulation of tundra carbon stocks and fluxes in three land surface schemes that each form part of major Earth system models (JSBACH, Germany; JULES, UK; ORCHIDEE, France). We use a site-level approach in which comprehensive, high-frequency datasets allow us to disentangle the importance of different processes. The models have improved physical permafrost processes and there is a reasonable correspondence between the simulated and measured physical variables, including soil temperature, soil moisture and snow. We show that if the models simulate the correct leaf area index (LAI), the standard C3 photosynthesis schemes produce the correct order of magnitude of carbon fluxes. Therefore, simulating the correct LAI is one of the first priorities. LAI depends quite strongly on climatic variables alone, as we see by the fact that the dynamic vegetation model can simulate most of the differences in LAI between sites, based almost entirely on climate inputs. However, we also identify an influence from nutrient limitation as the LAI becomes too large at some of the more nutrient-limited sites. We conclude that including moss as well as vascular plants is of primary importance to the carbon budget, as moss contributes a large fraction to the seasonal CO 2 flux in nutrient-limited conditions. Moss photosynthetic activity can be strongly influenced by the moisture content of moss, and the carbon uptake can be significantly different from vascular plants with a similar LAI. The soil carbon stocks depend strongly on the rate of input of carbon from the vegetation to the soil, and our analysis suggests that an improved simulation of photosynthesis would ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic permafrost Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Jules ENVELOPE(140.917,140.917,-66.742,-66.742) Biogeosciences 14 22 5143 5169 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 S. E. Chadburn G. Krinner P. Porada A. Bartsch C. Beer L. Belelli Marchesini J. Boike A. Ekici B. Elberling T. Friborg G. Hugelius M. Johansson P. Kuhry L. Kutzbach M. Langer M. Lund F.-J. W. Parmentier S. Peng K. Van Huissteden T. Wang S. Westermann D. Zhu E. J. Burke Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
It is important that climate models can accurately simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle in the Arctic due to the large and potentially labile carbon stocks found in permafrost-affected environments, which can lead to a positive climate feedback, along with the possibility of future carbon sinks from northward expansion of vegetation under climate warming. Here we evaluate the simulation of tundra carbon stocks and fluxes in three land surface schemes that each form part of major Earth system models (JSBACH, Germany; JULES, UK; ORCHIDEE, France). We use a site-level approach in which comprehensive, high-frequency datasets allow us to disentangle the importance of different processes. The models have improved physical permafrost processes and there is a reasonable correspondence between the simulated and measured physical variables, including soil temperature, soil moisture and snow. We show that if the models simulate the correct leaf area index (LAI), the standard C3 photosynthesis schemes produce the correct order of magnitude of carbon fluxes. Therefore, simulating the correct LAI is one of the first priorities. LAI depends quite strongly on climatic variables alone, as we see by the fact that the dynamic vegetation model can simulate most of the differences in LAI between sites, based almost entirely on climate inputs. However, we also identify an influence from nutrient limitation as the LAI becomes too large at some of the more nutrient-limited sites. We conclude that including moss as well as vascular plants is of primary importance to the carbon budget, as moss contributes a large fraction to the seasonal CO 2 flux in nutrient-limited conditions. Moss photosynthetic activity can be strongly influenced by the moisture content of moss, and the carbon uptake can be significantly different from vascular plants with a similar LAI. The soil carbon stocks depend strongly on the rate of input of carbon from the vegetation to the soil, and our analysis suggests that an improved simulation of photosynthesis would ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
S. E. Chadburn G. Krinner P. Porada A. Bartsch C. Beer L. Belelli Marchesini J. Boike A. Ekici B. Elberling T. Friborg G. Hugelius M. Johansson P. Kuhry L. Kutzbach M. Langer M. Lund F.-J. W. Parmentier S. Peng K. Van Huissteden T. Wang S. Westermann D. Zhu E. J. Burke |
author_facet |
S. E. Chadburn G. Krinner P. Porada A. Bartsch C. Beer L. Belelli Marchesini J. Boike A. Ekici B. Elberling T. Friborg G. Hugelius M. Johansson P. Kuhry L. Kutzbach M. Langer M. Lund F.-J. W. Parmentier S. Peng K. Van Huissteden T. Wang S. Westermann D. Zhu E. J. Burke |
author_sort |
S. E. Chadburn |
title |
Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
title_short |
Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
title_full |
Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
title_fullStr |
Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate Earth system models |
title_sort |
carbon stocks and fluxes in the high latitudes: using site-level data to evaluate earth system models |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 https://doaj.org/article/9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(140.917,140.917,-66.742,-66.742) |
geographic |
Arctic Jules |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Jules |
genre |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 14, Pp 5143-5169 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://www.biogeosciences.net/14/5143/2017/bg-14-5143-2017.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/9a682a34378646efa6ee4e06255d853d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5143-2017 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
5143 |
op_container_end_page |
5169 |
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